Building an Organization II

In building an association, there are a ton of interesting points. Numerous inquiries to reply, numerous materials to compose and it is essential to have the enough limit (could be money related) and labor to understand the organization’s objective. In this specific association, the center is guided towards giving help and care to mishandled ladies and kids, at no expense. Building a moral association is a test made simple when, as an individual, seeing the hapless circumstance of these poor casualties of brutality, we expect to give a conclusion to their anguish and help them.We feel that it is our ethical commitment, given the conditions, to broaden our hand and offer as much as possible, completely change themselves as far as could be expected under the circumstances, and ideally motivate them to live their lives in general individual once more. II. Portrayal of the Organization As referenced in the principal draft of the organization’s profile. SHIELD Us, as it repr esents the accompanying objectives: S †Safety of the casualty is the highest need. The Organization manages mishandled ladies and kids and this issue is sensitive and risky now and again, for both the person in question and organization.Excessively beaten manhandled ladies and youngsters needs crisis care at the soonest conceivable time and sparing them is the highest need of SHIELD Us. In addition, incensed abusers may chase their got away from casualties and by so doing imperiling them by and by. What's more, casualties would be set under safe keeping by concealing them in a sheltered house blocked off by the abusers. Additionally, to give close checking with respect to the physical and psychological well-being of the person in question, for now and again they consider finishing their anguish. H †Helping with great enthusiasm and without asking anything in return.The Organization was established based on moral commitment, and by so doing ought to underscore that the Orga nization’s objective isn't to pick up benefit, fiscal or something else, yet rather, to stretch out open arms to the individuals who are tragically mishandled by their culprits, without requesting anything consequently, be it money related or benefits or something else. The Organization is based on the reason of offering free support, and unselective of individuals who can get entrance of the Organization’s administrations. I †Imparting time and love for the consideration of the impeded ladies and children.In times of emergency, these unfortunate casualties of viciousness experienced a grave difficulty. The least that the Organization can do is to offer them full focus and give them the adoring and mindful, as one individual must offer readily, to someone else, clean with any sentimental goal, but instead of an unadulterated love and care that they so merit and need. E †Enhancing information about the reasons why they experienced such undertakings. One of the Organization’s needs is open mindfulness and instruction with regards to the causes and underlying foundations of abuse.A specific casualty may accuse themselves or feel that it’s their shortcoming, or that they merit what befell them, the Organization means to expel that idea and would illuminate them about their trial. L †Love and trust, helping them live their lives once more. As a feature of the recovery program of the Organization, SHIELD Us intends to make accessible any assets, genuinely, inwardly, and intellectually, to help the casualties ready to remain all alone once more, and adventure out into the world again, completely prepared and heavily clad for another attempt in life.D †Dedicated to the reason for halting viciousness against ladies and kids. As the Vision of the Organization, SHIELD Us’ extreme objective is to kill viciousness against ladies and youngsters, everywhere throughout the world. It is the mantra of each work force inside the Organization to end whatever viciousness they would observer or came to know about. The Organization would use any methods conceivable, legitimately, to end this outrageous infringement of ladies and children’s option to live, as expected people in our community.Un-battered and immaculate, failing to go out with huge concealed eyeglasses, and thick make-up, to shroud their wounds and cuts; never fear getting back home; never be hesitant to submit botches; never be asking why they get mishandled †every one of these things and more †would be the Organization’s ultimate objective. SHIELD Us, is an association working all alone, autonomous of the administration and exclusively committed to offering support with no expense, and don't mean to raise any benefits at all for individual utilization of the Board of Directors and the representatives, and everyone inside the organization.Therefore, SHIELD Us is a Non-Government, Non-Profit Organization giving free sa fe house, clinical consideration and restoration for mishandled ladies and youngsters who are needing assistance. Consequently saying, the customer base fundamentally of this association would be manhandled ladies and youngsters who are needing making a difference. III. Statement of purpose: Mission: Providing a sheltered domain for mishandled ladies and youngsters, where they can get legitimate clinical consideration; suitable mental treatment and recovery; and appropriate guiding about the lawful operations of their cases, without judgment and keeping up their anonymity.The strategic tends to the methods on the most proficient method to accomplish a definitive objective of the Organization in destroying brutality against ladies and kids, everywhere throughout the world. As referenced in the abbreviation SHIELD Us, wellbeing for these people would be given through setting them in a sheltered situation a long way from their abusers. This can be accomplished through obtaining a great deal in a covered territory where it can not be effectively found and raising smaller than expected facilities for arrangement of first guides and for crisis situations.For mental treatment, since the Organization is non-productive, it would think that its simpler to welcome specialists to give free counsels and participate in the Organization’s cause. With respect to recovery, milieu treatment would be very fitting for these people, in this manner giving them safe and made sure about condition where they can discharge their feelings and not feel compromised and live in dread of being abused once more. With respect to the legalities, for instance, claims documented by the mishandled individual, the Organization would bolster the claim and the individual one hundred and one percent.If any case that the individual can not stand to support her protests, the Organization would discover a method of proceeding with the fight through requesting, requesting gifts, and welcoming lega l counselors to participate in the reason and give free administrations. The Organization’s esteems articulation plainly incorporates no going of judgment and working with the person without predisposition and carefully denies uncovering of data outside of the Organization, or even inside the Organization among staff who doesn’t have adequate position to pick up information about a specific circumstance or individuals.The following destinations and systems are clear as crystal and need no further extension. Targets: 1. To give a protected sanctuary where manhandled ladies and youngsters can remain for nothing. 2. To give free clinical consideration to mishandled ladies and kids. 3. To give free appropriate mental treatment to assist them with adapting to their enthusiastic injuries. 4. To give an ideal domain to restoration for manhandled ladies and kids for nothing. 5. To offer lawful guiding about their circumstance for nothing. 6. To support ladies and kids go to th e best possible specialists to report their trials. 7.To help out the best possible specialists and put culprits in prison. 8. To lead instructive classes on the fundamental indications of misuse, and what to do about it. 9. To give instruction to ladies and youngsters to additionally edify them about the root of misuse. 10. To have a self-preservation class accessible for ladies and kids for them to ensure themselves. 11. To go on missions to save ladies and kids who had been held hostage or was put in a truly unpleasant circumstance. 12. To take part in programs held by different associations with objectives of facilitating the reason for helping manhandled ladies and kids. 13.To keep up a tolerant and non-critical climate where ladies and kids can feel harmony and security. 14. To play out every one of these targets without predisposition and with genuineness. Systems: 1. Getting an open part in a hid territory where it can not be effectively found. 2. Raising a little center and two low-ascent quarters inside this part. 3. Requesting volunteer wellbeing laborers to continually man the facility day in and day out through moving calendars. 4. Welcoming volunteer clinician and therapist to join the association. 5. Following gifts from private associations and people to help support the organization.6. Enrolling for awards for different magnanimous associations. 7. Inviting legitimate advice to give their ability for the association for nothing. 8. Teaming up with different associations with similar goals. 9. Planning with the best possible foundation when revealing rates of misuse. 10. Conveying pamphlets, handout, and fliers to educate individuals regarding the organization’s presence. 11. Enrolling the assistance of a self-preservation teacher to hold free self-preservation classes for ladies and youngsters who needs to figure out how to secure their selves. 12.Conducting classes, around once per month about the early indications of misuse, and the v arious kinds of misuse. 13. Completing out-arrive at projects to support those ladies and youngsters who can not stand to escape their rustic settlements, at any rate once every month. 14. Including the network and making individuals mindful about the truth of misuse. 15. Organizing with the correct specialists when completing salvage missions. IV. Qualities Statement Values: 1. The association would not include itself in any noxious exchanges that would place the ladies and youngsters in its consideration at serious risk. a.In each association, we can not forestall any unlawful exchanges that may put the charges

The Concept of Customer Perceptions and Expectations With Respect To Essay

The Concept of Customer Perceptions and Expectations With Respect To Service Quality - Essay Example This paper shows that the administration nature of the movement and the travel industry has declined throughout the years with the ascent in the quantity of travelers and reduction in the cost of the tickets. The elements of administration quality are likewise estimated that are by and by conveyed by the business. A near examination of value discernments among various associations in a similar industry had helped in deciding the hole in the nature of the apparent and anticipated assistance. The current article has concentrated on a comprehensive investigation and the discoveries depend on various instruments and systems, which is suggested for the achievement of the business. These devices help in improving the administration nature of the movement and the travel industry ventures. Scholastics and analysts have been continually concentrating on estimation and conceptualization of variables related with administration quality just as its effect on the exhibition of organizations. Rega rdless of the extraordinary significance administration quality applies on the general vital arranging strategy and corporate achievement, no exact or perfect definitions have been created encompassing the idea of administration quality. The most exact and followed idea of administration quality was given by Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry which characterized administration quality as â€Å"a worldwide judgment, or mentality, identifying with the prevalence of the service†. A large portion of the analysts and scholastics consent to the previously mentioned definition and tail it routinely. Administration quality can likewise be clarified as the general impression of a buyer with respect to the relative prevalence or mediocrity of an association just as its administrations. Conveying unrivaled help quality required fitting in with the desires for the clients on a customary and reliable way and offering them a superior quality assistance that their desires.

What do chemists do Find out on Khan Academy!

What do chemists do Find out on Khan Academy! Many students take chemistry classes, but they aren’t sure how their classroom knowledge might translate into careers in the real world. Thats why weve launched our Meet the chemistry professional series. We found people working in fields such as medicine, epidemiology, and software engineering, and with cool hobbies ranging from rock climbing to dog training:-  Syud Momtaz Ahmed, industrial scientist and tabla player-  Andrew Chadeayne, inventor and coonhound trainer-  Colin Fuller, software engineer and outdoor enthusiast-  Mary O’Reilly, science illustrator and comic strip writer-  Rachel Price, engineer and bike-traveler-  Jared Roop, forensics/analytical chemist and Cardinals fan-  Monica Shah, epidemiologist and bicyclist-  Karen Wheeler, physician and long distance runner-  George Zaidan, science media jack-of-all-trades and rock climberWe asked each person to share what they work on, how they became interested in chemistry, and what they do for fun. We also asked them to give one piece of advice for people interested in chemistry, and we got some great responses! A few advice snippets that I’d like to share:Develop an excellent understanding of the fundamentals. More often than not, the ‘smartest’ person in the room is the one who actually understands everything in a freshman chemistry book. - Andrew ChadeayneUnderstanding chemistry involves a lot of building mental models and understanding what details are ok to abstract away and what details are important. Thats something thats useful for many things, like the software development that I do nowadays. Chemistry is great, no matter what you end up doing. - Colin FullerChemistry has applications in many careers, so don’t feel limited in scope by the core areas that you study in school. It is also important to gain experience to truly understand how chemistry applies in different settings. -Monica ShahDo what feels right, not what (you think) other people (might) want you to do. - George Zaida nWe hope you enjoy getting to know these folks, and we look forward to adding more interviews to this series. If you have a chemistry-related career you’d like to learn more about, or if you know someone whom we might include, please let us know in the comments below!- Yuki, Khan Academy Chemistry Fellow

Chesapeake Bay And The Bay - 1574 Words

About 18 thousand years ago, glacial sheets from the last ice age begin to melt (Chesapeake Bay Program n.d.). As the glaciers melted the large volume of water began to raise sea levels. The rising seas levels engulfed the coast and flooded the Susquehanna river (â€Å"Geological History† n.d.). Once the seas levels have risen, the temperatures continued to rise changing the landscape. So â€Å"oak, maple, hickory, and other hardwood species started to appear† (Chesapeake Bay Program n.d.). Once the temperature increases even more hardwood forests and wetlands are created. As even more of the glaciers melt it floods the Susquehanna river more and it even floods the Potomac, James, and York rivers pouring into the Atlantic Ocean creating the Bay’s†¦show more content†¦The Bay is fed by 48 major rivers and 100 small tributaries draining a 64,000 square mile basin (â€Å"Geological History† n.d.). The Bay has a width of four miles near Aberdeen, Mary land to thirty miles near Cape Charles, Virginia (Chesapeake Bay Program n.d.). The average depth of the bay is 21 feet with troughs as deep as 174 feet deep (Chesapeake Bay Program n.d.). The main rivers of the Chesapeake Bay is the Susquehanna, Potomac, James, Rappahannock, Chester, Nanticoke, Patuxent, and the Choptank rivers (Sprague et al 2000). The main rivers of the Chesapeake Bay watershed send about 51 billion gallons of freshwater into the Bay each day (Chesapeake Bay Program n.d.). These rivers are homes to many fish, amphibians, invertebrates, and other animals. Not only do aquatic animals live in these rivers, plenty of aquatic plants live there too (Chesapeake Bay Program n.d.). There are many factors that could affect the health of the Chesapeake Bay including litter, debris, sediment pollution, chemical contaminants, and any man made objects (Chesapeake Bay Program n.d.). Any litter and debris will work its way up to the Bay from the rivers and smother any grass beds along with bottom dwelling creators and add chemical contaminants to the water. Any excess nutrients that come from urban runoff or vehicle emissions will cause harmful algae to grow which blocks sunlight and does not allow plants to grow due to low oxygen dead zonesShow MoreRelatedThe Chesapeake Bay And The Bay1875 Words   |  8 Pages â€Æ' The Chesapeake Bay, which derives from the Algonquin word Chesepiooc meaning â€Å"great shellfish bay†, has been around for a very long time. Approximately 35 million years ago, a rare bolide (a comet- or asteroid-like object) hit what is now the lower tip of the Delmarva Peninsula, creating a 55-mile-wide crater. The bolide created what geologists call the â€Å"Exmore Crater,† which they believe was as large as Rhode Island and as deep as the Grand Canyon. 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The Chesapeake Bay is what is known as a watershed, an area that contributes to the drainage to a water body, stream, river, lake or ocean. Rainwater that falls within the 64,000 square miles that is the Chesapeake Bay will subsequently travel through many streamsRead MoreThe Chesapeake Bay Watershed1172 Words   |  5 Pageslong lasting consequences. The opportunity to act is right where anyone stands and the closest one to this area is known as the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Therefore, the amount of nutrients going into the Chesapeake Bay should be reduced since the use of fertilizers has increased dramatically over time causing water pollution and the death of many species. The Chesapeake Bay Watershed is the largest one in the Atlantic Seaboard of North America; it covers 64,000 square miles of the United States, startingRead MoreThe Chesapeake Bay Colonies988 Words   |  4 Pagesof years, usually between four and seven, in exchange for transportation to the colonies. 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The ChesapeakeRead MoreThe Waste Disposal Of The Chesapeake Bay982 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Robert Diaz and Rutger Rosenberg, â€Å"Dead zones have now been reported from more than 400 systems, affecting a total area of more than 245,000 square kilometers, and are probably a key stressor on marine ecosystems.† Specifically, the Chesapeake Bay has bee n polluted to the point where areas have now been uninhabitable to marine life. Although waste disposal is a difficult issue to solve, polluting bodies of water endangers the marine life, environment, and health of organisms. While the

Tobacco s Effects On Our Population - 828 Words

Introduction Many individuals struggle with the effects of tobacco and the ramifications that comes with being a smoker. For decades, tobacco has caused various forms of cancer and health related issues. Since this has become an issue, coalitions and organizations are banding together to control this situation. The Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009, The Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act, Public Health Service Act of 1944 and the Federal Advisory Committee Act of 1972 are all trying to utilize tobacco s effects on our population. According to the CDC, the Food and Drug Act of 1906, states that 1914 interpretation advised that tobacco be included only when used to cure, mitigate, or prevent disease. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015) In 1953-1959 false claims stated that tobacco could aide health issues, not until 1984 was tobacco considered a drug. This is when the FDA asserted alternative n icotine products to help tobacco users quit smoking. It wasn t until 1987 when Public Law 100-202, banned smoking on domestic airline flights two hours or less. In 1989, airlines banned smoking from fights six hours or less and in 1992 banning sale of tobacco to minors. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015) The laws will continue to increase thereafter to our present day showing that our communities do not want tobacco to devour our streets and neighborhoods. In 2015/2016,Show MoreRelated`` 1493 : Uncovering The New World Columbus Created By Charles C. Mann966 Words   |  4 PagesNew World Columbus Created, Charles C. Mann enlightens and captures how Columbus’s expeditions united the lands of Eurasia and America. It is a well-written and informational book that successfully displays much of the development and foundation of our present all from the European discovery of the new world. Charles C. 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In addition, it will focuses on the how ETS becomes a problem for Children in American household as well as in other well developed nations. It will describe the effects that has among children living in contaminated environment by Second Hand Smoke. One of the health effects can be Asthma, which is provoked by their parents who smoke in their vicinity. Furthermore, thereRead MoreThe Cost Of Addiction / Substance Abuse Essay936 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of the Cost of Addiction/Substance Abuse Stevens Smith (2013) ascertain that alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs have cost $180-$484 billion dollars annually, yet that dollar estimate does not include what damage it causes to the family and victims of substance abuse users. In contrast, research indicates to use caution when deciphering the costs of substance abuse due to new data that is constantly changing (Single, 2009). 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The first Surgeon General’s Report on smoking and health was released in 1964. In today’s society, smoking is not so attractive... It is strange to watch movies of years gone by when Hollywood stars would pose as smokers in a setting such as a hospital, restaurant, or airport. While the Marlboro man would ride horseback across the screen in commercials

Type of Decision Making Enviroment Free Essays

string(257) " to decide this question by weighing the reasons pro and con \(what are the benefits and drawbacks of getting married\) and then to move to the next part of the process, the identification of criteria \(supportive, easy going, competent, affectionate, etc\." .:VirtualSalt Introduction to Decision Making, Part 1 Robert Harris Version Date: June 9, 2012 Previous versions: December 2, 2009, October 17, 2008; July 2, 1998 We all make decisions of varying importance every day, so the idea that decision making can be a rather sophisticated art may at first seem strange. However, studies have shown that most people are much poorer at decision making than they think. We will write a custom essay sample on Type of Decision Making Enviroment or any similar topic only for you Order Now An understanding of what decision making involves, together with a few effective techniques, will help you make better decisions. What is Decision Making? Some Definitions A good place to start is with some standard definitions of decision making. 1. Decision making is the study of identifying and choosing alternatives based on the values and preferences of the decision maker. Making a decision implies that there are alternative choices to be considered, and in such a case we want not only to identify as many of these alternatives as possible but to choose the one that (1) has the highest probability of success or effectiveness and (2) best fits with our goals, desires, lifestyle, values, and so on. The two important ideas here are that first, there must be some genuine alternatives to choose from among. Note that â€Å"Do it† or â€Å"Don’t do it† does not qualify as a set of alternatives. Only â€Å"Do this† or â€Å"Do something else† really qualfies. Second, every decision must be made in the light of some standard of judgment. This standard usually gets expressed in the form of criteria, which reflect the values and preferences of the decision maker. These values and preferences are often influenced by corporate rules or culture, law, best practices, and so forth. 2. Decision making is the process of sufficiently reducing uncertainty and doubt about alternatives to allow a reasonable choice to be made from among them. This definition stresses the information-gathering function of decision making. It should be noted here that uncertainty is reduced rather than eliminated. Very few decisions are made with absolute certainty because complete knowledge about all the alternatives is seldom possible. Thus, every decision involves a certain amount of risk. If there is no uncertainty, you do not have a decision; you have an algorithm–a set of steps or a recipe that is followed to bring about a fixed result. Kinds of Decisions There are several basic kinds of decisions. 1. Decisions whether. This is the yes/no, either/or decision that must be made before we proceed with the selection of an alternative. Should I buy a new TV? Should I travel this summer? Decisions whether are made by weighing reasons pro and con. A simple worksheet with two columns (one for Pro–reasons for, and one with Con–reasons against) can be useful for this kind of decision. It is important to be aware of having made a decision whether, since too often we assume that decision making begins with the identification of alternatives, assuming that the decision to choose one has already been made. . Decisions which. These decisions involve a choice of one or more alternatives from among a set of possibilities, the choice being based on how well each alternative measures up to a set of predefined criteria. 3. Contingent decisions. These are decisions that have been made but put on hold until some condition is met. For example, I have decided to buy that car if I can get it for the right pric e; I have decided to write that article if I can work the necessary time for it into my schedule. OR even, We’ll take the route through the valley if we can control the ridge and if we detect no enemy activity to the north. Most people carry around a set of already made, contingent decisions, just waiting for the right conditions or opportunity to arise. Time, energy, price, availability, opportunity, encouragement–all these factors can figure into the necessary conditions that need to be met before we can act on our decision. Some contingent decisions are unstated or even exist below the awareness of the decision maker. These are the type that occur when we seize opportunity. We don’t walk around thinking, â€Å"If I see a new laser printer for $38, I’ll buy it,† but if we happen upon a deal like that and we have been contemplating getting a new printer, the decision is made quickly. Decisions made in sports and warfare are like this. The best contingent and opportunistic decisions are made by the prepared mind–one that has thought about criteria and alternatives in the past. 4 . Contingent alternatives. Similar to contingent decisions, contingent alternatives involve two or more choices of action, one of which will be taken when the appropriate trigger occurs. Often this trigger is an event or more information. For example, If tomorrow is cloudy or rainy, we will mount a ground attack through the pass, but if the day is clear, we will launch an air strike to the north. OR, if, after this patch attempt, the leak is under 50 gallons per minute, we will sail to the home port for a repair. But if the leak is over 50 gpm, we will stay here and order a replacement pump. Decision Making is a Recursive Process A critical factor that decision theorists sometimes neglect to emphasize is that in spite of the way the process is presented on paper, decision making is a nonlinear, recursive process. That is, most decisions are made by moving back and forth between the choice of criteria (the characteristics we want our choice to meet) and the identification of alternatives (the possibilities we can choose from among). The alternatives available influence the criteria we apply to them, and similarly the criteria we establish influence the alternatives we will consider. Let’s look at an example to clarify this. Suppose someone wants to decide, Should I get married? Notice that this is a decision whether. A linear approach to decision making would be to decide this question by weighing the reasons pro and con (what are the benefits and drawbacks of getting married) and then to move to the next part of the process, the identification of criteria (supportive, easy going, competent, affectionate, etc. You read "Type of Decision Making Enviroment" in category "Essay examples" ). Next, we would identify alternatives likely to have these criteria (Kathy, Jennifer, Michelle, Julie, etc. ). Finally we would evaluate each alternative according to the criteria and choose the one that best meets the criteria. We would thus have a scheme like this: decision whether †¦ select criteria †¦ identify alternatives †¦ atch criteria to alternatives †¦ make choice However, the fact is that our decision whether to get married may really be a contingent decision. â€Å"I’ll get married if I can find the right person. † It will thus be influenced by the identification of alt ernatives, which we usually think of as a later step in the process. Similarly, suppose we have arrived at the â€Å"identify alternatives† stage of the process when we discover that Jennifer (one of the girls identified as an alternative) has a wonderful personality characteristic that we had not even thought of before, but that we now really want to have in a wife. We immediately add that characteristic to our criteria. Thus, the decision making process continues to move back and forth, around and around as it progresses in what will eventually be a linear direction but which in its actual workings is highly recursive. Key point, then, is that the characteristics of the alternatives we discover will often revise the criteria we have previously identified. The Components of Decision Making The Decision Environment Every decision is made within a decision environment, which is defined as the collection of information, alternatives, values, and preferences available at the time of the decision. An ideal decision environment would include all possible information, all of it accurate, and every possible alternative. However, both information and alternatives are constrained because the time and effort to gain information or identify alternatives are limited. The time constraint simply means that a decision must be made by a certain time. The effort constraint reflects the limits of manpower, money, and priorities. (You wouldn’t want to spend three hours and half a tank of gas trying to find the very best parking place at the mall. Since decisions must be made within this constrained environment, we can say that the major challenge of decision making is uncertainty, and a major goal of decision analysis is to reduce uncertainty. We can almost never have all information needed to make a decision with certainty, so most decisions involve an undeniable amount of risk. The fact that decisions must be made within a limiting decision environment suggests two things. First, it explains why hindsight is so much more accurate and better at making decisions that foresight. As time passes, the decision environment continues to grow and expand. New information and new alternatives appear–even after the decision must be made. Armed with new information after the fact, the hindsighters can many times look back and make a much better decision than the original maker, because the decision environment has continued to expand. The second thing suggested by the decision-within-an-environment idea follows from the above point. Since the decision environment continues to expand as time passes, it is often advisable to put off making a decision until close to the deadline. Information and alternatives continue to grow as time passes, so to have access to the most information and to the best alternatives, do not make the decision too soon. Now, since we are dealing with real life, it is obvious that some alternatives might no longer be available if too much time passes; that is a tension we have to work with, a tension that helps to shape the cutoff date for the decision. Delaying a decision as long as reasonably possible, then, provides three benefits: 1. The decision environment will be larger, providing more information. There is also time for more thoughtful and extended analysis. 2. New alternatives might be recognized or created. Version 2. 0 might be released. 3. The decision maker’s preferences might change. With further thought, wisdom, and maturity, you may decide not to buy car X and instead to buy car Y. And delaying a decision involves several risks: 1. As the decision environment continues to grow, the decision maker might become overwhelmed with too much information and either make a poorer decision or else face decision paralysis. 2. Some alternatives might become unavailable because of events occurring during the delay. In a few cases, where the decision was between two alternatives (attack the pass or circle around behind the large rock), both alternatives might become unavailable, leaving the decision maker with nothing. And we have all had the experience of seeing some amazing bargain only to hesitate and find that when we go back to buy the item, it is sold out. 3. In a competitive environment, a faster rival might make the decision and gain advantage. Another manufacturer might bring a similar product to market before you (because that company didn’t delay the decision) or the opposing army might have seized the pass while the other army was â€Å"letting the decision environment grow. † The Effects of Quantity on Decision Making Many decision makers have a tendency to seek more information than required to make a good decision. When too much information is sought and obtained, one or more of several problems can arise. (1) A delay in the decision occurs because of the time required to obtain and process the extra information. This delay could impair the effectiveness of the decision or solution. (2) Information overload will occur. In this state, so much information is available that decision-making ability actually declines because the information in its entirety can no longer be managed or assessed appropriately. A major problem caused by information overload is forgetfulness. When too much information is taken into memory, especially in a short period of time, some of the information (often that received early on) will be pushed out. The example is sometimes given of the man who spent the day at an information-heavy seminar. At the end of the day, he was not only unable to remember the first half of the seminar but he had also forgotten where he parked his car that morning. (3) Selective use of the information will occur. That is, the decision maker will choose from among all the information available only those facts which support a preconceived solution or position. (4) Mental fatigue occurs, which results in slower work or poor quality work. (5) Decision fatigue occurs where the decision maker tires of making decisions. Often the result is fast, careless decisions or even decision paralysis–no decisions are made at all. The quantity of information that can be processed by the human mind is limited. Unless information is consciously selected, processing will be biased toward the first part of the information received. After that, the mind tires and begins to ignore subsequent information or forget earlier information. (Have you ever gone shopping for something where you looked at many alternatives–cars, knives, phones, TVs–only to decide that you liked the first one best? Decision Streams A common misconception about decision making is that decisions are made in isolation from each other: you gather information, explore alternatives, and make a choice, without regard to anything that has gone before. The fact is, decisions are made in a context of other decisions. The typical metaphor used to explain this is that of a stream. There is a stream of decisions surrounding a given dec ision, many decisions made earlier have led up to this decision and made it both possible and limited. Many other decisions will follow from it. Another way to describe this situation is to say that most decisions involve a choice from a group of preselected alternatives, made available to us from the universe of alternatives by the previous decisions we have made. Previous decisions have â€Å"activated† or â€Å"made operable† certain alternatives and â€Å"deactivated† or â€Å"made inoperable† others. For example, when you decide to go to the park, your decision has been enabled by many previous decisions. You had to decide to live near the park; you had to decide to buy a car or learn about bus routes, and so on. And your previous decisions have constrained your subsequent ones: you can’t decide to go to a park this afternoon if it is three states away. By deciding to live where you do, you have both enabled and disabled a whole series of other decisions. As another example, when you enter a store to buy a DVD player or TV, you are faced with the preselected alternatives stocked by the store. There may be 200 models available in the universe of models, but you will be choosing from, say, only a dozen. In this case, your decision has been constrained by the decisions made by others about which models to carry. We might say, then, that every decision (1) follows from previous decisions, (2) enables many future decisions, and (3) prevents other future decisions. People who have trouble making decisions are sometimes trapped by the constraining nature of decision making. Every decision you make precludes other decisions, and therefore might be said to cause a loss of freedom. If you decide to marry Terry, you no longer can decide to marry Shawn. However, just as making a decision causes a loss of freedom, it also creates new freedom, new choices and new possibilities. So making a decision is liberating as well as constraining. And a decision left unmade will often result in a decision by default or a decision being made for you. It is important to realize that every decision you make affects the decision stream and the collections of alternatives available to you both immediately and in the future. In other words, decisions have far reaching consequences. Go to Introduction to Decision Making, Part 2 Introduction to Decision Making, Part 3 Other Tools for Creative Thinking and Problem Solving Critical Thinking Course Homepage Introduction to Creative Thinking Creative Thinking Techniques Criteria for Evaluating a Creative Solution Introduction to Problem Solving Human-Factor Phenomena in Problem Solving Problem Solving Techniques Biases Affecting Information Processing Decision Making Techniques Decision Simplification Techniques Difficulties Created by the Videographic Presentation of Information Why Are We So Busy? Truths of the Information Age VirtualSalt Home Copyright 1998, 2009, 2012 by Robert Harris | How to cite this page w w w . v i r t u a l s a l t . c o m About the author: Robert Harris is a writer and educator with more than 25 years of teaching experience at the college and university level. RHarris at virtualsalt. com How to cite Type of Decision Making Enviroment, Essay examples

Southern Voting Behavior Essays - , Term Papers

Southern Voting Behavior Southern Voting behavior since the 1960's Voters in many areas of the U.S. are apt to vote differently as a whole from election to election. The nation has also had a decreased turnout rate for the presidential and local elections. The South has typically not followed these patterns that the rest of has seemed to be following. The Southern whites of the U.S. have typically followed and voted for the more conservative candidate and party. Where as the Southern blacks have typically (when they have been able to vote) voted for the more liberal party or candidate. The South was at one time a Democratic stronghold and has in the past 30 years become a typically conservative voting electorate. This tendency of voting by race for the liberal or conservative candidate has been a continuing occurrence. Southern turn out for elections has been significantly lower than the rest of the nation as well over the same time period. This bias of the past 30 years as well as voter turn out has only recently began to change in the So! uth. In the beginning of and prior to the 1960's the South was a Democratic stronghold and it was rare for there to be any competition from Republicans in these non competitive states (Mulcahy p.56). A poll taken in the 1960's showed that " the southern states were the obvious stronghold of Democratic identification. The extreme case was Louisiana, where 66% identified with the Democratic party"(Black p.44). This all began to change as the Democratic party became more liberal in its national policy views. The Democrats became too liberal in their policies concerning civil rights for the white Southerners to continue voting for them. (Mulcahy p.40). This reason along with others is what drove the Southern whites to change there voting habits of the last 100 years. The white Southerners began to vote for presidents of the Republican party and for Independents such as the Dixiecrats, because they were more conservative on a national scale. The Largest change of the Southern voters o! ccurred in 1960 when "the southern white Protestant presidential vote went Republican"(Wayne p62). This would of allowed for the democrats to lose the south if the black electorate had not voted Democrat. The black Southern voters at the time of the 1960's were just again able to participate with their rights to vote. This was because shortly after the Civil War and reconstruction the Southern whites reduced and eventually removed the short lived black political power. They added laws that made it mandatory to take tests for voter eligibility, as well as discouraging black voting at all. This discrimination greatly reduced if not completely halted black voting in the south until the 1950's and 1960's. It was not until 1965 that the Voting Rights Act was passed that prohibited literacy tests for federal elections did blacks obtain their constitutional right to vote (Wayne p.70). Many blacks did in fact support the Republican party for quite a long time because they were known as the party of reconstruction and freeing of the slaves. Black voting turned towards the Democrats in the 1930's and 40's on the advice of "One N.A.A.C.P. leader? Turn your pictures of Lincoln to the wa! ll, the debt is paid in full"(Mulcahy p 37). This black voting for the Democrats created a problem in of its self, that the Blacks were continuing to vote for the local white conservative Democrats, that upheld the traditional Southern white views. This lead to the continued power of the oppressive whites, even though the party platform was one of reform. It was not until the early 70's that when the Republicans won the election for the governor of Virginia was the two party system fully revived in the south (U.S. news p. 210). This two party system allowed Democrats to run on a more liberal platform, which gave the blacks the representation that they wanted. Voting in the South since the 1960's has followed the pattern of voting for the most staunch conservative, or protector of Southern whites views. In the 1968 election Southern whites in the Deep South voted for George C. Wallace, while the rest of the South split on Nixon and Hubert Humphrey. In the Election of 1972 This trend seemed to continue, in that Nixon was the more conservative of the two Presidential Nominees and thus he carried the South. In the 1976 Election it