A Research On The Homeless Population - 942 Words

1. In your text on pages 208-209, the author discusses his research on the homeless population. He refers to the many routes one can take to become homeless. Choose two populations from his list that you think might work in your career as a human service professional. Describe two possible interventions or tasks that you might be involved with in working with each population. What are some of the general skills a human services professional might need to work with these populations? There are many types of homelessness in our society and our community. They become homeless for different reasons; it could be intentional or uncontrolled. The two that stick out the most for my community are the push outs and the new poor. The push outs are people who are kicked out by their parents, commonly teenagers; or families and adults who are evicted from landlords. The new poor are when people become unemployed due to work skills are out-of-date because of technological changes. Some skills that are needed to help each one of these groups is to meet their current needs. As addressing the needs of the homeless it is important to focus on prevention, as well as, remediation of their problem (â€Å"What is human service,† 2011). As human service professionals should listen to their clients. When a client is speaking the clinician should pay attention, provide support, empathy, assessing, and goal setting. 2. For each of the types of homelessness listed above, identify/analyze specificShow MoreRelatedAnalyzing Self Awareness Amongst the Vulnerable Populations in United States1360 Words   |  5 Pageskey to understanding how these biases affect the delivery of health care to individuals, families, and populations. 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According to de Chesnay (2008), â€Å"Vulnerability is a general concept meaning susceptibility, and its specific connotation in terms of healthcare is at riskRead MoreThe Constitutional Provisions Of India1112 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish.pdf 2011, National Human Rights Commission, India) Homeless is a provisional condition that individuals fall into when they can t stand to pay for a spot to live, or when their present home is dangerous or unsteady. Different variables, for example, work misfortune, physical and mental disability, different hardships including individual, and substance abuse can pushed people s slide into destitution, and for some, inevitable homeless, particularly without legitimate social administrationsRead MoreThe Population Of Urban Areas Essay1566 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION According to census defined homeless as houseless households. Households which do not live in buildings or census house but live in the open or roadside, pavement, in Hume-pipes, under fly over and staircase, or in the open in places of worship, man daps, railway platform etc. Are treated as homeless households. Households living in dilapidated homes or households without access to basic amenities, infrastructure or services apart from households with too many members living under aRead MoreHomeless Veterans Are Becoming More Prevalent Of The United States886 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION American homeless veterans are becoming more prevalent in the United States. Research will show that American veterans are an overrepresented population among the homeless in the U.S. A homeless veteran is an individual who lives on the streets, in abandoned buildings, vehicles, encampments, shelters, or transitional housing (Veterans Today, 2013). As a matter of fact, homeless veterans do not have a permanent residence under their control. Homelessness in general includes thoseRead MoreAnalyzing The Interactions Of Volunteers At Mary s Kitchen With The Guests1705 Words   |  7 PagesDiscussion The present study conducted aimed at analyzing the interactions of volunteers at Mary’s Kitchen with the guests that are currently homeless. The data was collected through interviews and observations for six hours. Observations were focused on to see how the volunteers are interacting with the guests such as the tone of their voice, gestures, body language, and attitudes that were observed while the volunteers were serving food to the guests and while they were handing out donated itemsRead MoreHousing And Urban Development : San Francisco1036 Words   |  5 Pagesrate of homeless people is California with a total population of 113,952 homeless individuals with 71,437 of them being unsheltered (U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development [HUD], 2014, p. 9). In 2014, San Francisco, CA was in the top-ten major cities with the largest numbers of homeless individuals totaling at 6,408 (HUD, 2014, p.11). The 2015 Homeless San Francisco Point-In-Time Count Survey was conducte d to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the experience of the homeless residentsRead MoreThe Perceptions Of Professionals On The Traumatic Event That Triggered ( Ptsd )998 Words   |  4 Pagesbecoming homeless was the traumatic event that triggered (PTSD) posttraumatic stress disorder amid the homeless adolescent population of Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Participants included 12 professionals with experience of working with homeless adolescents ages 13-18. A questionnaire was utilized for 14 participants to gather the information for the study, which had an 85.7% response rate. The results did not determine whether it was life experiences or becoming homeless that wasRead MoreCauses Of Homelessness1405 Words   |  6 PagesAfter doing much research, I have learned that to develop awareness and interventions to be able to help the homeless population, we must understand their mental health and behavioral needs. The information they all share in common are the factors why a specific type of population became homeless. The interrelation of homelessness and mental illness are informed by many factors such as; the lack of support, extreme poverty, substance abuse, lack of affordable health insurance, and lack of affordableRead MoreEpidemiology of Homeless1613 Words   |  7 PagesEpidemiology of Homeless/Indigent People with Mental Illness Vulnerable populations are defined in many ways. Variables of the definition are dependent on the author, their current location and how they believe that they may assist this population. Vulnerability as defined in a healthcare setting are those with a greater than average risk of developing health problems by virtue of their marginalized sociocultural status, their limited access to economic resources, or personal characteristics such

Performance Metrics Case State All State Insurance Free Essays

Allstate Insurance Company intertwines business goals with performance metrics. Goal setting is an ongoing part of striving to become successful and happy in life. When an individual achieves a goal, another one is set to accomplish next. We will write a custom essay sample on Performance Metrics Case State: All State Insurance or any similar topic only for you Order Now Goals are personal and professional and the latter determines the longitude and latitude of a chosen career path. Organizations set goals for all levels of the company, from business units to individual contributors. The successful attainment of these goals determines if it is profitable year over year. Using the model for goal setting, evaluate Allstate’s goal setting process to determine whether or not Allstate has an effective goal-setting program. The goal-setting model has 4 aspects used to motivate employees. They include direct focus on high priorities, regulate effort, increase persistence, and create strategies and programs to achieve goals (Hellriegel, D. Slocum, J. 2011). Allstate has a very effective goal setting program in place. One part of their program is to correlate manager’s pay to company’s goals. They use an online employee survey and feedback tool as the measurement. This practice touches on all four parts of the goal setting model. It forces the managers to maintain focus on the company’s diversity goals, while encouraging them to identify areas of opportunities and potential solutions. Allstate also has programs to support professional and career path development to provide individuals with the necessary knowledge and ability to achieve performance goals in each position. Discuss the competitive advantage Allstate has from the development of the Diversity Index. The index sets Allstate apart from its competitor’s at the most important level, the human level. Allstate uses it to ensure diversity inside the organization so they can understand and respect the diversity of their clients. The company’s vision states differences are a competitive edge (Hellriegel, D. Slocum, J. 2011). An organization must be a reflection of the communities it serves. A global market requires organizations to have a diverse staff and understanding of multiple cultures. Allstate’s diversity index provides such an advantage over companies who have yet to embrace cultural differences. Recommend the types of high-performance reward system Allstate should use to motivate its employees to reach its diversity goals. The company should use profit-sharing and culture and reward systems to motivate its employees to reach its diversity goals. Profit-sharing reinforces the team based performance rewards. This type of rewards displays the company’s recognition of each individual contribution to the bottom line. The culture and reward system is based on the employee’s culture. It recognizes the diversity at the employee level. It is based on cultural values to motivate performance (Hellriegel, D. Slocum, J. 2011). This makes the reward specific to the culture and recognizes diversity inside the organization. If you were an Allstate employees, discuss whether or not you would be motivated by the Diversity Index and QLMS. Provide a detailed explanation. The Quarterly Leadership Measurement System (QLMS) and Diversity Index would motivate me. It is taken twice a year and analyzed to identify issues and make appropriate changes in processes and performance. One reason it is motivating is a percentage of the merit pay is determined by the results. Another factor is the behavior specific questions asked to all employees in the index. The focus on the results and frequency of the surveys prove it’s a high company priority. It can be perceived that noncompliance would have a negative impact on employment and advancement opportunities. It encourages consistent behavior that coincides with the diversity goals of the organization. Ultimately, diversity is part of the American culture. The citizens of this country are from all over the world. There is a global consumer base here in this society. Allstate is a leader in business because they are socially responsible. Allstate requires its employees to maintain a work environment which embraces diversity. This business strategy will maintain their competitive advantage in the market. How to cite Performance Metrics Case State: All State Insurance, Papers

The Joke written by Roddy Doyle English assigenment free essay sample

The story is told by an omniscient narrator, and it is told from the male protagonists point of view. The story is about a nameless man who is trying to find the point of his thoughts. He remembers how his marriage used to be and how his wife would sit on his lap, how they would watch the TV together. But now he claims that if he leaves his wife, his wife would not care. He does not know what has happened to this marriage or partnership as he refers to it. He is in doubt and he is angry. In the story, he likes to ell his wife a Joke and make her laugh like the old times. But he is nervous and does not want to seem desperate, because then he is worried that they would drift even further apart. He also fells very unappreciated. 2. Characterize the main protagonist: He is a anonymous man who seems to very confused about his life and marriage, He is married and has children. We will write a custom essay sample on The Joke written by Roddy Doyle English assigenment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He is going bald. He claims that he still loves his wife. He is very eager to have his wifes attention although he says otherwise. He is sick and annoyed of everything. He doubts everything; he is not sure what he wants or what his point is. He is also very unhappy, that is why he tries to tell his wife a Joke. He believes that his marriage or partnership as he calls it is a give and take kind of thing; he has to give something in order to receive something. The protagonist does not develop much during the course of the story, because he has not found out what he wants. In the end, it is not clear whether he tells his wife the Joke or not. 3. Comment on the title: The title is the Joke and the Joke the protagonist wants to tell his wife is Whats the difference between a good ride and a good shite? But I believe that the real Joke is the protagonists behavior and thoughts; he does not know what he wants or if he wants anything at all. He keeps changing his mind during the storys course. The title could also refer to the fact that it takes a silly thing as a Joke to be the solution of something as important and serious as a marriage because the Joke he might have told could be the start of their communication. 4. Write a short essay about how men and women communicate: Men and women both have very different ways of communicating, thats because they are also ifferent mentally and physically which also plays an important part in how they see and understand things. This can cause problems between the two genders as is sadly common today and probably always has and will be. They operate in each their own way and expect the other to understand what they want, even Just out from bodily gestures which are unfair to the other because of the differences. Most of which woul d be easily avoidable it people talked more together rather than expecting the other to understand meaningless gestures, a fault both genders share.

Mortgage and Housing Act in the U.S

Introduction It is pointed out that, â€Å"in its preamble to the 1949 Housing Act, Congress declared its goal of ‘a decent home in a suitable living environment for every American family’† (Schwartz 1).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Mortgage and Housing Act in the U.S specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the course of over the last six decades, beginning from the time this legislation was passed, the U.S Federal Government has engaged in assisting to finance the construction as well as rehabilitation of over five million housing units for the families that have a low income, and has also offered rental vouchers to almost two million more families. However, the housing problems in the United States remain severe. For instance, it is reported that in the year 2005, over forty two million families stayed in physically deficient housing, with more than thirty percent of their incomes be ing spent on housing and even some families were homeless (Schwartz 1). Since housing is very costly, its development as well as acquisition mostly relies on borrowed funds. It is reported that â€Å"housing construction, acquisition of existing rental buildings, and the purchase of single-family homes all rely on debt† (Schwartz 51). It is also reported that in the year 2009, the residential mortgages were more than eleven trillion dollars, and this was more than fifty percent of the whole federal government debt (Schwartz 51). Much has been written on the impacts of the US mortgage crisis on the global economy. Financial experts have warned that the impacts of the US housing and financial crises might persist if the necessary policies are not implemented (Kolb 6). As a result, adjustments in the financial institutions have been inevitable. Most mortgage lenders have tightened their lending rates to survive in the changing markets (Bardhan 2). Several financial experts belie ve that the effects of the current US mortgage crisis are far much worse than stated by the government economists.Advertising Looking for research paper on common law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Objectives of the Study The main purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of the mortgage and Housing Act in the United States of America. In this study, I sought to identify how the Housing Act has achieved its intended objectives. Moreover, my investigation sought to find out how the federal housing program has survived, despite the enormous economic challenges (Krugman 15). Another objective of the study was to assess the level of the current housing crisis in the US. In this regard, a number of the affected sectors were looked at and an evaluation of how the mortgage markets have behaved all through the recession was carried out. Last but not least, the study also sought to analyze the magnitude of the effects of th e housing crisis on the annual revenue collected by the state and the local governments. The research questions for the study included: To what extent have the objectives of the Housing Act in the U.S been met? How have mortgage markets behaved all through the recession (2007- 2008)? What are the effects of housing and financial crises on the government, organizations and households? Why I was Interested in Conducting this Study The Housing Act in the U.S. was enacted with an intention of ensuring that every American has a decent home in a proper living environment. This Act was intended to help ensure that proper housing is affordable to all Americans. However, the housing and financial crises that occurred starting from the year 2007 made this goal to be hard to achieve. The crises had some negative effects on households, organizations and the government. This study sought to understand these effects and the level to which the objectives of the Housing Act have been achieved. Th is study is very important because understanding these effects, and how effective the Housing Act has been, will go a long way in helping to come up with appropriate policies.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Mortgage and Housing Act in the U.S specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Implementation of such policies will serve to prevent the same effects from being felt in the future, and to ensure the objectives of the Housing Act are achieved to the highest level possible. Literature Review It is reported that before the commencement of â€Å"the Great Depression† in the year 1929; funding for buying â€Å"owner-occupied housing was in short supply and expensive†(Schwartz 51). Mortgages usually became due after a period of between two to eleven years, depending on the kind of the lender, â€Å"requiring repayment or re-financing† (Schwartz 51). A large number of lenders had the willingness to engage in covering less than sixty percent of the value of the property, calling for a larger number of borrowers to get â€Å"the second and third mortgages†(Schwartz 51). The difficulty of funding home purchases limited homeownership to the people who were richer and assisted in making rental housing to be the main type of tenure (Schwartz 51). It is reported that the â€Å"Great Depression† affected the homeowners as well as home ownership negatively to a large extent (Schwartz 51). Unemployment became prevalent and several homeowners could not make their monthly payments for the mortgage any longer. This prompted foreclosure on an immense scale. In the course of the year 1933, over fifty percent of the entire home mortgages â€Å"were defaulted and more than 1,000 mortgages were foreclosed every day† (Schwartz 51). Those homeowners who were able to remain current on their mortgage payments evaded foreclosure (Schwartz 1). However, a large number of them were forced to engage in selling their homes when the mortgages they had come due.Advertising Looking for research paper on common law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is reported that â€Å"cash-starved banks, beleaguered by customers withdrawing their deposits, became increasingly reluctant to roll over their mortgages and instead demanded that the borrower pay back the principal in full† (Schwartz 52). In addition, during that time, the total mortgage debt of a homeowner could be more than the actual value of the house and this could leave this person in debt even after the house being sold. This is a problem that appeared again seven and a half decades later, when there was collapsing of the recent housing bubble that caused about twenty percent of the homeowners â€Å"to owe more on their mortgage than their homes were worth† (Schwartz 52) (See Appendix 1). Following increased mortgage closure and collapsing of the whole housing industry, the federal government’s response was to take various measures that completely changed the U.S’s â€Å"housing finance system† and assisted in propelling homeownership à ¢â‚¬Å"within reach of a majority of its households† (Schwartz 52). Such institutions and programs made it possible to have a considerable increase in the nation’s homeownership beginning from the 1940s until the 1960s; setting up a fresh and steady â€Å"system for housing finance† which remained concrete for over four decades (Schwartz 52). The United States’ housing and financial sectors contribute significantly to the growth of the country’s economy. In the early 1990s, the US government took an initiative of enabling more low- income earners to own homes (Marshall 23). The government authorized all the housing stakeholders to reduce their mortgage requirements. In the year 1992, the US government, through Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, acquired loans from mortgage banks and mortgage brokers. Following this move, more secondary mortgage markets were created (Marshall 34). At that time, regulations required GSEs to allocate 30 % of all the mortgages purchased as affordable housing loans. However, this requirement was not adhered to and in the year 2007, financial experts noted that the percentage had risen to 55% (Marshall 45). In the years 2007 and 2008, the boom in the housing sector came to an end following the onset of global financial crisis (Francis 12). This crisis and the subsequent recession had great negative effects on the US housing and financial sectors. A dramatic increase in default rates was realized. The increase in the default rates occurred because most of the homeowners were among the worst hit individuals by the recession. Notably, most of the homeowners had no retirement accounts (Parker 67). Because of lack of retirement accounts, these individuals were left with nothing they could use to access mortgages. The affected individuals were left with no other choice but to avoid paying their loans. The crisis affected the US government, organizations, institutions, and households (Bardhan 4). Economists noted that the effects of the crisis were felt by all persons, regardless of whether or not they had participated in the growth of the housing sector (Ellis 78). As a result, most of the gains obtained prior to the recession were reversed. Methodology This research involved use of secondary data. The collection of this data involved considering the existing data. The existing data included the surveys that have been conducted by various researchers as well as the general information on mortgages and the Housing Act. The work presented by other people on the subject was examined and used in this research in order to help answer the research questions and to achieve the objectives of the study. Results and Discussion Basing on the research conducted by some researchers in the past, it was found out that, about forty percent of the people in the United States of America have experienced financial distress in the course of the recession (National Bureau of Economic Research 1). Experts point out that â€Å"spending changes provide one measure of the recession’s impact on households’ well-being† (National Bureau of Economic Research 1). In a survey conducted by the National Bureau of Economic Research, it was found that about seventy five percent of the respondents pointed out that they had reduced spending, and this was because of the economic crisis. Those that reported having engaged in reducing their spending cited various reasons for the reduction: eighty percent of them cited the need of reducing debt; seventy percent cited a decrease in the level of income; forty five percent cited a change in the status of employment; forty five percent cited a reduction in the value of their homes; and thirty five percent cited stock holdings (National Bureau of Economic Research 1). This is a clear indication that the housing and financial crises have affected the households adversely (National Bureau of Economic Research 1). In considering the effects of t he housing and financial crises on organizations, the existing data on this issue was also used. It was found out that, due to the sharp decline in the value of the â€Å"mortgage-backed† securities, the retail as well as the investment banks were compelled to â€Å"write-down† losses incurred on the securities that they held (Tiller 45). This brought about great losses in the whole banking sector in the last two quarters of the year 2007. The crisis became even more intense in March 2008 when the collapse of Bear Steams occurred. It was found out that, because the crisis made the banks to be afraid of lending money, both households and businesses were not able to borrow (Tiller 45). Therefore, the households put purchases on hold while the businesses engaged in laying-off their workers. It was also found out that, in the last quarter of the year 2008, the banking sector recorded a loss of twenty six billion dollars (Tiller 45). Moreover, the research established that the local governments were less hit by the recession as compared to the state governments. However, there is likelihood that the pressures will mount. It was found out that the local governments witnessed a smaller decline in the tax revenues as compared to the state governments. According to the available information, â€Å"even as national income home prices fell by 27 percent between the end of June 2006 and the end of 2010, property tax collection increased by 31 percent during the same period, reflecting delayed response to home price changes and new tax measures† (Congressional Budget Office 1). However, the declining housing prices will, sooner or later, feed into the local government tax revenues. The research findings indicated that, both the local and state governments reacted in response to the fiscal pressures by bringing down the level of their expenditure by almost 3% in real terms, in the cause of 2008/2009 fiscal year. Moreover, the local governments engaged i n cutting their labor force by approximately two percent within the period between December 2007 and December 2010 (Congressional Budget Office 1). It was also found out that the local government raised the level of some of the taxes, property taxes included, and made their tax base to be wider. This assisted in supporting collection of tax in the initial stages of the crisis (Congressional Budget Office 1). The bursting of the housing bubble began in the year 2006 and there was accelerating of the decline in 2007 and 2008 (Baker 73; Lybeck 120) (see Appendix). The housing prices ceased to go up in the year 2006.These prices then began to go down in 2007 and have, up to now, dropped by approximately 25% from the highest point (Moseley 1). The price reduction implied that homeowners could not be able to refinance any more, where there was resetting of their rates of mortgage This made the delinquencies as well as mortgage defaults to escalate, mainly ‘†among subprime borr owers† (Moseley 1). Beginning from the month of January 2006 up to August 2008, the proportion of mortgages in foreclosure rose by three times, â€Å"and the percentage of mortgages in foreclosure or at least thirty days delinquent more than doubled, from 4.5 percent to 10 percent† (Moseley 1). These rates are found to be the highest beginning from the time of the Great Depression. The peak of the rate of delinquency that occurred previously was 6.8% in the year 1984 and also in the year 2002 (Moseley 1). It has been projected that the worst has not yet happened. The hope that the American people have been having of owning their own homes is turning out to prove to be unrealizable. Conclusion The enactment of the Housing Act in the U.S. was undertaken with an aim of making sure that each and every American citizen has a decent home in a suitable environment. This Act aimed at ensuring that proper housing is affordable to all Americans. However, the housing and financial crises that occurred starting from the year 2007 made this goal hard to achieve. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the mortgage and Housing Act in the United States. This research sought to identify how the Housing Act has achieved its objectives. In achieving the objectives of this research and answering the research questions; the available literature on the topic was reviewed and secondary data was analyzed. It was established that, following the housing and financial crises, a considerable number of households reduced their spending. This was due to various reasons, which include; need of reducing debt, reduction in the income level, change in the employment status, reduction in the value of homes, and stock holdings. It was also found out that, such organizations as banks made big losses. Moreover, both the local and state governments experienced a decrease in the tax revenues. They responded by increasing other taxes, such as property taxes. The housing and financial crises prevented the Housing Act objectives from being achieved to a considerable level. These crises have made it hard for the households to obtain funds from banks. A considerable number of people are struggling to survive and cannot be able to afford proper housing. Policies need to be put in place to ensure these effects brought in by these crises are overcome and also to ensure that, the same cannot happen again in the future in order for all of the Housing Act objectives to be achieved to the highest level possible. Works Cited Baker, Dean. â€Å"The housing bubble and the financial crisis†. Real-world Economics Review, 1.46 (2008):73 – 81. Print. Bardhan, Ashok. â€Å"Housing and financial crisis in the U.S: cause or symptom†. Vikalpa, 32.3 (2009): 1- 7. Print. Congressional Budget Office, 2010. Fiscal Stress Faced by Local Governments. Washington: Congressional Budget Office. Print. Ellis, Luci. The housing meltdown Why did it happ en in the United States? Basel, Switzerland: Bank for International Settlements, 2008. Print. Francis, Andrea. Affordable housing: the continuing search for solutions : proceedings of the National Housing Trust’s 20th anniversary housing symposium. Kingston, Jamaica : Planning Research Dept., National Housing Trust, 1996. Print. Kolb, Robert W.. The financial crisis of our time. New York: Oxford University Press,2011. Print. Krugman, Paul R.. The return of depression economics and the crisis of 2008. New York: W.W. Norton, 2009. Print. Lybeck, Johan A.. A global history of the financial crash of 2007-2010. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2011. Print. Marshall, John. The financial crisis in the US: key events, causes, and responses. London: House of Commons Library, 2009. Print. Moseley, Fred. The U.S. economic crisis: causes and solutions, April 2009. Web. National Bureau of Economic Research, The effect of economic crisis on American households, 2012. Web. Parker, John. Turmoil in U.S. credit markets recent actions regarding government sponsored entities, investment banks, and other financial institutions : hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Tenth Congress, second session. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2010. Print. Schwartz, F. Alex. Housing Policy in the United States. Oxford: Taylor Francis, 2012. Print. Tiller, Bo. The subprime crisis and the effects on the U.S banking industry, 2011. Web. Appendix Source: Tiller, Bo. The subprime crisis and the effects on the U.S banking industry, 2011. This research paper on Mortgage and Housing Act in the U.S was written and submitted by user Carissa E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Human Dignity

Human Dignity Theory A German philosopher Immanuel Kant thought that people occupy a special place in creation. This is an old idea from ancient times; people have considered themselves to be different from all other creatures and not just different but better. Here’s a fact, people have traditionally thought of themselves to be fabulous. Kant did. On his view, people have â€Å"an intrinsic worth† in other word â€Å"dignity† which makes them valuable â€Å"above all price†. Other animals have a value only as much as they serve the peoples purpose. Kant said, â€Å"But so far as animals are concerned, we have no direct duties. Animals†¦are there merely as means to an end. That end is man,† Lectures on Ethics (1779). We can use animals in any way we please. We do not have to back off from torturing them. Kant does mention that it is wrong to torture animals, but his reason is we might suffer indirectly as a result of it, because â€Å"he who is cruel to animals becomes hard also in his dealings with men.† So Kant’s view is mere animals have no moral importance and people are another story. According to Kant people may never be used as means to an end. I will concentrate here on Kant’s belief that morality requires that we treat persons as an end, rather than only a means. When Kant said that the value of human beings â€Å"is above all price.† He meant this as a judgment about the place of man in the scheme of things. There are two important facts about people that in his view support this judgment. First, because people have desires and goals, other things are valuable for them, in relation to their goal. Simple â€Å"things† (and this includes animals) have value only as means to ends, and it is the human ends that give those â€Å"things† value. So if I wanted to become a better chess player, a book on chess instruction will have value for me, but aside from such ends that book has no value other than the $6... Free Essays on Human Dignity Free Essays on Human Dignity Human Dignity Theory A German philosopher Immanuel Kant thought that people occupy a special place in creation. This is an old idea from ancient times; people have considered themselves to be different from all other creatures and not just different but better. Here’s a fact, people have traditionally thought of themselves to be fabulous. Kant did. On his view, people have â€Å"an intrinsic worth† in other word â€Å"dignity† which makes them valuable â€Å"above all price†. Other animals have a value only as much as they serve the peoples purpose. Kant said, â€Å"But so far as animals are concerned, we have no direct duties. Animals†¦are there merely as means to an end. That end is man,† Lectures on Ethics (1779). We can use animals in any way we please. We do not have to back off from torturing them. Kant does mention that it is wrong to torture animals, but his reason is we might suffer indirectly as a result of it, because â€Å"he who is cruel to animals becomes hard also in his dealings with men.† So Kant’s view is mere animals have no moral importance and people are another story. According to Kant people may never be used as means to an end. I will concentrate here on Kant’s belief that morality requires that we treat persons as an end, rather than only a means. When Kant said that the value of human beings â€Å"is above all price.† He meant this as a judgment about the place of man in the scheme of things. There are two important facts about people that in his view support this judgment. First, because people have desires and goals, other things are valuable for them, in relation to their goal. Simple â€Å"things† (and this includes animals) have value only as means to ends, and it is the human ends that give those â€Å"things† value. So if I wanted to become a better chess player, a book on chess instruction will have value for me, but aside from such ends that book has no value other than the $6...

A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots

According to science, out of all of the parts of a tree, roots are quite an important feature. It has several purposes, adsorbing water and vital nutrients from the ground and into the rest of the tree, supporting the whole tree, from the bark, to the leaves to the fruit/flowers it produces. It also helps stabilize the tree so it wouldn’t fall down easily when the weather is tough. The roots are the foundation of the tree, without it, the rest of the tree would dry up and die, moreover, the structure of the tree would be quite unstable, as it has nothing to grip the soil with and die easily due to lack of water and vital minerals. So what is culture and how is culture to people like roots to a tree? On sources like the Internet, culture is defined as an â€Å"act or a belief of a racial, religious or social group†. Cultures are tools which helps binds people together, a rich source of wisdom, knowledge and an instrument which keeps the successful humble, in short, the greatest element in keeping order in humanity. Keep in mind here that â€Å"a people† in this quote is sort of like a group of people, but with similarities which bonds/categorizes them e. g. culture. Like a tree, people who have knowledge of their cultures and their past would have a foundation to support them. This enables the group to hold onto the ground and not get uprooted when storms or big winds come, promising stability to the whole tree. The roots would also help provide tree with important nutrients and other vitamins from the soil, which allows the tree to bear fruits and flowers. In this case, knowledge and wisdom of the culture provides the people to bring wealth, health, prosperity and peace. It is also a known fact that as the tree grows larger; the roots have to grow in length in proportion to the growth of the tree. So that the support and stability needed for the growing structure of the tree are met. Failing to follow this simple yet vastly ignored rule would result in the structure of the society would be unbalanced and topple over, similarly to the bark of the tree. Which shows us that our culture must grow in proportion to the plurality of the individuals in our group. With the help of Globalization, different types of cultures are being shared around the world, logically speaking; combining traditions, knowledge and wisdom would increase the overall human culture on the planet right? In reality, not all things go as planned. As the richer, more developed countries would dominate the trade it would also dominate the Cultural Revolution pop culture is a fitting example of this. On one hand, countries that correctly use their cultural roots would benefit in wisdom from the Cultural Revolution. There are quite a few cultures that follow this trait (most of the countries originate in Asia). China, India and Japan are the most cultured ethic groups and yet the most economically successful. Just less than 50 years ago, all of the countries are experiencing various economic crisis such as war. The core of all their successes are obviously not based on money or weaponry power, neither is it from large numbers of people or the size of the country. Instead, the support comes from their deep, still intact roots of their cultures dating back to 6000 years+, providing knowledge and wise teachings to the people through ethics and traditions. This enables the whole tree to survive the winds and floods, ending with a much more fertile soil after the disaster. Unfortunately, on the other hand, there are numerous types of ethic groups who don’t follow or even have any respect left for their own cultures. There is hunger, ignorance and hatred lingering still within the society, killing the tree and it’s roots daily. Without knowledge and wisdom, individuals in the group are increasing in instability as only a few are extremely wealthy and most of the people in that group are in poverty. Another outcome of this cause is the shallow thinking of others, becoming murderers, prostitutes and drug users. These groups are like trees with rotting roots, unable to provide any water or nutrients and destroying their future. Without the foundation the tree would experience yellowing leaves and dying branches. Which a small gust of wind can easily damage the tree. This quote by Marcus Garvey is targeted to African people, who have forgotten their culture. Some people think that the main cause of this is found in the European’s divide and conquer technique and America’s public school system, where history classes are mainly about the European and the American culture. Rarely is there any topic about African or African American culture covered due to racism. Garvey is pointing to us that before globalization; the first civilizations (Africans) have deep rooted cultures, designing their own economy, weapons and jewelry before spreading to Europe. Sadly, this culture is being replaced by the western version of African culture, where they believed that Africa is where savages ran wild. My country, Indonesia is one of the countries that have a lot of cultures, from traditions, to traditional crafts to myths and legends. Which probably was the core support for the soldiers who bravely risk their lives in the Javanese war against the Dutch. In reality, I am actually quite ashamed that moving down the modern Indonesian generations seemed to have decreasing respect of culture and traditions. We’re slowly giving in to consumerism and losing our roots and traditions.

Interior Design Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interior Design - Research Proposal Example Introduction Environment Design is basically a learning milieu where design graduates are encouraged to use their innovative and inventive talent in the management and marketing of design in order to pursue their careers in the design industry. â€Å"Lighting is a science and an art†, assert Steffy (2002:1). There have been numerous developments in lighting design recently which make it an interesting topic of research. Professional lighting designers are required today since they are being offered various job opportunities in the lighting industry. There are a number of lighting design consultancies which are offering outstanding lighting schemes to its consumers and organizations like landmark hotels, restaurants, shopping spas, exhibitions, yachts, house gardens, etc. Steffy (2002:1) affirms that nearly $10 billion worth lighting hardware is sold in the United States every year. The research will focus on questions like: How rapid has the lighting design industry flourished during the last decade? Which areas of lighting design are more in demand? What particular kinds of designs are more in demand from consumers’ perspectives? What benefits has it offered to different international lighting design companies? Is the trend increasing, decreasing or is consistent? What are the hard and soft issues that arise in different lighting fields such as in interiors, exhibitions, theatre, and garden projects? What are the costs? How does lighting weigh on the companies’ budget? These issues have inspired me to conduct a research about lighting design in today’s design industry. Literature Review Sources. Some sources that are going to be helpful in the research are: Karlen, M, & Benya, J 2004, Lighting Design Basics, illustrated edn., John Wiley and sons, USA. (This book is helpful in understanding the basic science that is involved in lighting design. It is a good study guide for beginners helping them understand through concise and visual lesson format.) Tregenza, P, & Loe, D, The Design of Lighting, illustrated edn., Taylor & Francis, USA. (This book has been written for practicing designers and thus will be a helpful guide in understand what issues practicing lighting designer face. Technicalities regarding lighting and color theories and other concepts have been discussed in detail.) Past Research Papers. Some past research that will be helpful is: Dorsey, J, Arvo, J, & Greenberg, D 1995, ‘Interactive design of complex time dependent lighting’, Computer Graphics and Applications, vol. 15, no, 2, pp. 26-36. (Researchers conducted a research about lighting design in theatrical productions. They have discussed some specific techniques that help in lighting regardless of complexities of scene and design. This research will prove helpful in understanding lighting concepts in theatres.) Shacked, R, & Lischinski, D 2002, ‘Automatic lighting design using a perceptual quality metric’, Computer Gra phics Forum, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 215-227. (This presents a new approach for the rendering of 3D objects. This approach serves as an effective lighting design tool. This research will prove to be helpful in understanding lighting design tools and their working.) Methodology I plan to visit different lighting design companies to locate answers to my research questions. I plan to conduct structured personal

Research where are the IFRS are significantly different from current Paper

Where are the IFRS are significantly different from current Canadian GAAP - Research Paper Example This demanded a certain degree of similarity in the accounting standers and many international accounting bodies come up which assisted development of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). The aim of GAAP is provide rules related to preparation, presentation and reporting of financial statements. GAAP is combination of all the Accounting Frame works, Accounting Laws, Accounting Rules and Accounting frame works. At present Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has the highest authority to establish GAAP which has to be followed by public and private organization. In US, the financial reporting is controlled by Financial Accounting Standards Advisory Board (FASAB). These GAAP brings standards which help Stakeholders to understand present condition of the company, and on the basis of their analysis they make decisions related to credit, investment and other vital financial decisions. But it has been found that the GAAP suffers with certain limitations, like inter indust rial comparison is not possible if GAAP is taken into consideration for financial statement reporting, also certain vital information related to the companys performance are not presented on the financial statement sheet while following GAAP, which are necessary for the merger and acquisition process. So to overcome these hindrances, concept of International Financial Reporting Standers (IFRS) came into existence. IFRS consist of standards, interpretations, and frame works which are to be taken into consideration while preparing and presenting financial statement of a company as adopted by International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Actually, IFRS is the rename of International Accounting Standers (IAS) which was proposed from 1973 to 2001 by Board of International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC). In the historical event of April 1,

Fundemental Rights of India Essay Example for Free

Fundemental Rights of India Essay The Fundamental Rights in Indian constitution acts as a guarantee that all Indian citizens can and will live their lifes in peace as long as they live in Indian democracy. They include individual rigts common to most liberal democracies, such as equality before the law, freddom of speech and expression, freedom of association and peaceful assembly, freedom of religion, and the right to constitutional remedies for the protection of civil right. Originally, the right to property was also included in the Fundamental Rights, however, the Forty-Fourth Amendment, passed in 1978, revised the status of property rights by stating that No person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law. Following are the Fudamental Rights in India Right to Equality | * Article 14 :- Equality before law and equal protection of law * Article 15 :- Prohibition of discrimination on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth. * Article 16 :- Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment * Article 17 :- End of untouchability * Article 18 :- Abolition of titles, Military and academic distinctions are, however, exempted| Right to Freedom | * Article 19 :- It guarantees the citizens of India the following six fundamentals freedoms:- 1. Freedom of Speech and Expression 2. Freedom of Assembly 3. Freedom of form Associations 4. Freedom of Movement 5. Freedom of Residence and Settlement 6. Freedom of Profession, Occupation, Trade and Bussiness * Article 20 :- Protection in respect of conviction for offences * Article 21 :- Protection of life and personal liberty * Article 22 :- Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases | Right Against Exploitation | * Article 23 :- Traffic in human beings prohibited * Article 24 :- No child below the age of 14 can be employed | Right to freedom of Religion | * Article 25 :- Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion * Article 26 :- Freedom to manage religious affairs * Article 27 :- Prohibits taxes on religious grounds * Article 28 :- Freedom as to attendance at religious ceremonies in certain educational institutions | Cultural and Educational Rights | * Article 29 :- Protection of interests of minorities * Article 30 :- Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions * Article 31 :- Omitted by the  44th Amendment Act | Right to Constitutional Remedies | * Article 32 :- The right to move the Supreme Court in case of their violation (called Soul and heart of the Constitution by BR Ambedkar) * Forms of Writ check * Habeas Corpus :- Equality before law and equal protection of law | Fundamental Right 1. Part-III, containing articles from 12 to 35 deal with Fundamental Rights. 2. The Fundamental Rights can be enforceable by a court against the State. 3. These are primarily aim at assuring political freedom to the citizens by protecting them against the excessive State action. 4. The Fundamental Rights are given a pride of place by the Constitution makers. 5. The chapter of Fundamental Rights is sacrosanct and not liable to be abridged by legislative or executive act or orders, except to the extent provided in appropriate Article in Part III. 6. Grover Justice Supreme Court said: â€Å"where as the fundamental rights lay down the means by which that goal was to be achieved.† 7. Fundamental rights occupy a unique place in the lives of civilized society and have been variously described in judgment of the Supreme Court as â€Å"transcendental†, â€Å"inalienable† and â€Å"personal†. 8. There are negative in character. The State is asked not to do certain things for the people. Directive Principles of State Policy 1. Part –IV, containing Articles from 36 to 50, deal with Directive Principle of State Policy. 2. The Directive Principles of State Policy can not be enforceable by any Court. 3. These are aimed at securing welfare, social and economic freedoms by appropriate State action. 4. The Directive Principles are given a place of permanence by the Constitution makers. 5. The Directive Principles of State policies have to confirm and to run as subsidiary to the Chapter of Fundamental Rights. 6. Grover Justice Supreme Court said: â€Å"Directive Principles prescribe the goal to be attained.† 7. The Supreme Court described the Directive Principles of State policy as â€Å"Conscience of our Constitution†. 8. These are positive in character. The State is directed to take certain positive steps for the welfare and advancement of the people. Directive Principles Of State Policy The Constitution lays down certain Directive Principles of State Policy which  though not justiceable, are ‘fundamental in governance of the country’ and it is the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws. These lay down that the State shall strive to promote welfare of people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may a social order in which justice social, economic and political, shall inform all institutions of national life. The State shall direct its policy in such a manner as to secure the right of all men and women to an adequate means of livelihood, equal pay for equal work and within limits of its economic capacity and development, to make effective provision for securing the right to work, education and to public assistance in the event of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement or other cases of undeserved want. The State shall also endeavour to secure to workers a living wage, humane conditions of work, a decent standard of life and full involvement of workers in management of industries. In the economic sphere, the State is to direct its policy in such a manner as to secure distribution of ownership and control of material resources of community to subserve the common good and to ensure that operation of economic system does not result in concentration of wealth and means of production of common detriment. (1) Equitable distribution of wealth or the socialist pattern of society and equal pay for equal work for both men and women. (2) Provision of adequate means of livelihood to all its citizens, men and women. (3) Provision of employment to all. (4) Free and compulsory education for children. (5) Living wage for workers. (6) Protection of childhood and youth against exploitation and against moral and material abandonment. (7) Organization of village panchayats as units of self-government (Article 40). (8) Prohibition of the consumption except for medical purposes of intoxicating drinks and of drugs injurious to health. (9) Organization of agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines. (10) Promotion of international peace and security and maintenance of just and honourable relations between the nations of the world. THE DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE Policy in the Constitution of India have been inspired by the Constitution of Ireland. It contains ideals of a Welfare State. The Directive Principles are  contained in Part-IV of the Constitution. RIGHT TO WORK IN THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION Article 41 in Part IV (Directive Principles of State Policy) in the Constitution of India reads, â€Å"The State shall, within the limits of its economic capacity and development, make effective provision for securing the right to work, to education and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement and in other cases of undeserved want.† The custodian of Fundamental Rights is the Supreme Court of India. The differences between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles are: Fundamental Rights * Fundamental Rights are justiciable * Indian Constitution mentions some of the most important rights of the citizens called fundamental rights. * These rights are necessary if citizens are to act properly and live democratically. * These rights are fundamental in legal sense. If Government passes any law which restricts them, then those laws would be invalid. * The Constitution guarantees us six fundamental rights. * Fundamental rights concern the individual. Directive Principals * Directive Principles of State policy are not justiciable. The provision of Directive Principles thus can not be enforced in court of law. * These are actually directions given by the Constitution of the State to adopt policies which would help to establish a just society in our country. * The aim of these instructions is to create proper economic and social conditions in which citizens of our country can lead a good life. * Directive principles concern State.

Things They Carried Essay: A Cultural Studies Approach to Enemies

A Cultural Studies Approach to "Enemies" in The Things They Carried Two men who fight over a jackknife in "Enemies", a chapter in Tim O'Brien's work, The Things They Carried. A cultural studies approach to "Enemies" allows the reader to look much deeper into the meaning of the events that unfold in "Enemies". The fight over the knife could very well reflect the events occurring in society during that time. In short, "Enemies" is about two men, Lee Strunk and Dave Jensen, who are battling not only in a war but with each other. They were viciously fighting about a missing jackknife. A question that the reader might ask themselves is, why were they fighting over a jackknife? Did it have some special sentimental meaning? These questions cannot be answered; they can only be left to wonder. Vietnam was a very mentally and physically strenuous war to fight. At any given point any soldier could snap. That is exactly what happen...

The Minimum Wage Debate

Minimum wage is defined as the lowest amount that employers can legally pay their workers per hour of labor. Most states have laws in place to enforce the minimum wage; those that do not are subject to the federal minimum wage of $7. 25. There are both benefits and drawbacks of this type of policy. Many supporters of a minimum wage believe it increases the standard of living and reduced poverty. Those that oppose a minimum wage believe it will increase unemployment and harms unskilled laborers. Introduction The Fair Labor Standards Act, passed in 1938, mandated a federal minimum wage that now applies to most work and most workers, in the United States. Originally the wage was set at 25 cents, the minimum wage has risen occasionally since 1938 to its current hourly level of $7. 25, where it has remained since 2009. When the minimum wage was roughly half the average wage, in the late 1960’s, full-time, year round minimum wage earnings for one worker lifted a family of three from poverty. Today, a minimum wage worker lives on $3,000 less than the poverty line – and the minimum wage is worth only 37 percent of the average wage (Owens, 2013). Minimum wage laws were established with certain goals in mind. Minimum wage was initially established to reduce poverty. Establishing a minimum wage in the United States removed sweat shops and insured individuals were paid properly for their work. Minimum wage additionally protects younger workers and minorities from being paid less than others. Support for an Increase in the Minimum Wage The positive effects of minimum wage are plentiful; it is believed that the minimum wage increases the standard of living for the poorest and most vulnerable classes in society and raises the average. It also stimulates consumption, by putting more money in the hands of low-income people who spend their entire paychecks. Minimum wage increases the work ethic of those who earn very little, as employers demand more return from the higher cost of hiring these employees. It decreases the cost of government social welfare programs, increasing incomes for the lowest-paid and encourages people to join the workforce rather than pursuing money through illegal means. The minimum wage also encourages efficiency and automation of industry and removes low paying jobs, forcing workers to train for, and move to, higher paying jobs (Fox, 2006). Many believe that minimum wage increases cause adverse employment effects. Three possible reasons minimum wages do not affect employment were suggested by Alan Blinder: higher wages may reduce turnover, and hence training costs; raising the minimum wage may â€Å"render moot† the potential problem of recruiting workers at a higher wage than current workers; and minimum wage workers might represent such a small proportion of a business's cost that the increase is too small to matter. He admits that he does not know if these are correct, but argues that â€Å"the list demonstrates that one can accept the new empirical findings and still be a card-carrying economist. † (Blinder, 1996). In discussing the minimum wage, Robert M. Solow, a Nobel laureate in economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, told the New York Times, â€Å"The main thing about (minimum wage) research is that the evidence of job loss is weak. And the fact that the evidence is weak suggests that the impact on jobs is small. † (Norlund, 1997) The American public supports increasing the minimum wage by a solid margin. Nearly every survey finds overwhelming support for raising the minimum wage. For example, a poll recently conducted by the website Politico, conducted in March of 2013 found that 71% of Americans backed an increase in the minimum wage. Opposition of an Increase in the Minimum Wage Opponents of the minimum wage claim it hurts small business more than large business. By increasing wages, business owners must use their profits to increase wages or increase their prices. Cheaper labor helps small businesses employ younger and more inexperienced workers to perform less skill intensive work. It’s also argued that it may cause price inflation due to businesses increasing the price of goods sold. Small businesses with limited payroll budges cannot offer their most valuable employees fair and attractive wages above unskilled workers paid the artificially high minimum, and see a rising hurdle-cost of adding workers (Jr. , 2005). Some opponents claim that the goals minimum wage was created to accomplish have not been met. In some instances employment has decreased more than the increase in wages and thereby overall earnings are still reduced. Businesses are forced to hire fewer employees because paid wages have increased to meet the minimum. Some studies have shown that few low-wage workers actually come from families in poverty. Thus, minimum wage is more often imposed on the teenage worker with their first job than on people who would otherwise be unemployed. Additional arguments against the minimum wage include how it is ineffective compared to other methods such as basic income (or negative income tax), which is a system of social security that periodically provides each citizen with a sum of money that is sufficient to live on. This does not include a means test, the richest and the poorest would receive it as something similar to a dividend from the government. A guaranteed minimum income is another proposed system of social welfare. It’s similar to basic income, but it is normally conditional and subject to a means test. A refundable tax credit, such as the Earned Income Tax Credit is another alternative for minimum wage, which some claim was an effective stimulus for the economy. Opinion I feel very torn between the pros and cons of the minimum wage debate. I feel that a living wage for employees is necessary to ensure that poverty levels are avoided. In addition to avoiding poverty, fair wages for all is essential to reducing wage discrimination. However, I find that the increased wage paid to employees by small businesses can be crippling to their profits, particularly in our current economy and with how frequently small businesses fail. Conclusion Both sides present valid arguments, so what is the solution? One solution would be to raise the minimum wage to an acceptable higher level for â€Å"adult† workers, while retaining exceptions to allow the businesses to hire teenagers, students and temporary or seasonal workers at a lower minimum wage. This would protect those most impacted by a low minimum wage, families attempting to survive on a single minimum wage salary, while protecting the jobs of traditional â€Å"minimum wage† workers by allowing businesses to hire them at the previous rates. Though this solution has its flaws, however, employers might use a wage disparity as an incentive to hire more young workers at lower rates, leaving older workers jobless. This solution and others are highly debated by politicians and citizens and truly, no solution has been found. In time, the federal minimum wage will rise, as is dictated by laws both purposed and in effect currently. Perhaps a better solution for small businesses impacted would be a tax subsidy to balance the loss in profits from an increased minimum wage. It would increase hiring rates, and would keep small businesses at their previous profit levels. Employment would increase in a sector, small business, which our economy greatly relies on and provide those companies with incentive to increase their labor force.

Five Forces Model

Indus Motor Company (IMC) is a joint venture between the House of Habib , Toyota Motor Corporation Japan (TMC) , and Toyota Tsusho Corporation Japan (TTC) for assembling, progressive manufacturing and marketing of Toyota vehicles in Pakistan since July 01, 1990. IMC is engaged in sole distributorship of Toyota and Daihatsu Motor Company Ltd. vehicles in Pakistan through its dealership network. The company was incorporated in Pakistan as a public limited company in December 1989 and started commercial production in May 1993.The shares of company are quoted on the stock exchanges of Pakistan. Toyota Motor Corporation and Toyota Tsusho Corporation have 25 % stake in the company equity. The majority shareholder is the House of Habib. IMC's production facilities are located at Port Bin Qasim Industrial Zone near Karachi in an area measuring over 105 acres. Indus Motor Company’s plant is the only manufacturing site in the world where both Toyota and Daihatsu brands are being manufac tured. Heavy investment was made to build its production facilities based on state of art technologies.To ensure highest level of productivity world-renowned Toyota Production Systems are implemented. IMC's Product line includes 6 variants of the newly introduced Toyota Corolla, Toyota Hilux Single Cabin 4Ãâ€"2 and 4 versions of Daihatsu Cuore. We also have a wide range of imported vehicles. VISION AND MISSION: â€Å"IMC’s Vision is to be the most respected and successful enterprise, delighting customers with a wide range of products and solutions in the automobile industry with the best people and the best technology†. †¢ * The most respected. * The most successful. * * Delighting customers. * * Wide range of products. * * The best people. * * The best technology. Mission of Toyota is to provide safe & sound journey. Toyota is developing various new technologies from the perspective of energy saving and diversifying energy sources. Environment has been first and most important issue in priorities of Toyota and working toward creating a prosperous society and clean world. MANAGEMENT TEAM: Ali S. Habib (Chairman) K Hyodo (Vice Chairman) Parvez Ghias (Chief Executive Officer)INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: Mr. Adnan Qazi (Chief Information Officer) FINANCE: Muhammad Faisal (Chief Financial Officer) Mustafa Hasan Lakhani (Company Secretary) HUMAN RESOURCE: Mr. Salim Azhar(Director) LOGISTICS, ADMINISTRATION & COMMERCIAL: Mr. Salim Azhar (Director) MANUFACTURING: Mr. Y. Tsubaki (Director) SALES & MARKETING: Mr. Raza Ansari (Director) INTERNAL AUDIT: Mr. Ahson Tariq (Chief of Internal Audit) Collaboration Equity : | | | Toyota Motor Corporation| | Toyota Tsusho Corporation| | House of Habib| | | Business 😠 | | | TOYOTA GROUP|   | Technology & KD Parts|   | | Materials, Parts & Logistics Support| | | Technology KD Parts| | | Hilux Frame & Deck| | | VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS OF TOYOTA Indus Motors Co. The value chain is a sys tematic approach to examining the development of competitive advantage.It was created by M. E. Porter in his book, Competitive Advantage (1980). The chain consists of a series of activities that create and build value. They conclude in the total value delivered by an organization. The ‘margin' depicted in the diagram is the same as added alue. The organization is split into ‘primary activities' and ‘support activities. ‘ Primary Activities: Inbound Logistics: Here goods are received from a company's suppliers. They are stored until they are needed on the production/assembly line. Goods are moved around the organization. Toyota motors purchase their raw material from all around the world. In order to maximize their availability of raw material Toyota motors maintain good relationship with their suppliers. Toyota use JIT (Just In Time) approach for handling of raw material.Toyota Genuine oil is classified by quality using the Amarican Petroleum institute classi fication, ILSAC standerd and ASEA standerds, and by viscosity using the SAE classification Operations: This is where goods are manufactured or assembled. Individual operations could include organizing the parts to make new cars ;amp; the final tune for a new car's engine. Toyota motors are known for their reliability which comes from efficient operations. Outbound Logistics: The goods are now finished, and they need to be sent along the supply chain to wholesalers, retailers or the final consumer.Toyota motors manage their own Show rooms in different countries. Toyota motors make their product easily assessable. Area number of dealers Sindh 8 Punjab 12 Baluchistan 1 Islamabad (capital) 2 Azad Kashmir 1 Marketing and Sales:In true customer orientated fashion, at this stage the Toyota motors prepares the offering to meet the needs of targeted customers. This area focuses strongly upon marketing communications and the promotions mix. and 40% market share of this company and advertising budget 30%. and no sales promotion. and this company maintain market leadership. Service: This includes all areas of service such as final checking, after-sales service, complaints handling, training and so on. Toyota value their customers. And warranty-1 year/2000 miles.Support Activities Procurement: This function is responsible for all purchasing of goods, services and materials. The aim is to secure the lowest possible price for purchases of the highest possible quality. Toyota motors will be responsible for outsourcing (components or operations that would normally be done in-house are done by other organizations), and e-Purchasing (using IT and web-based technologies to achieve procurement aims). Technology Development: Technology is an important source of competitive advantage.Companies need to innovate to reduce costs and to protect and sustain competitive advantage. Toyota motors implemented production technology, Internet marketing activities, bend manufacturing, Customer Relationship Management (CRM), and many other technological developments Human Resource Management (HRM): Employees are an expensive and vital resource. Toyota motors manage recruitment and selection, training and development, and rewards and salary. Toyota motors consider their employees as HUMAN CAPITAL.The mission and objectives of the Toyota motor is the driving force behind the HRM strategy. Toyota motors uses following techniques to retain their employees: * Employment * Selection * Training and development * Compensation * Maintenance Firm Infrastructure: This activity includes and is driven by corporate or strategic planning. Toyota motors implemented Management Information System (MIS), and other mechanisms for planning and control in different departments. SUGESSIONS & RECMENDATIONS * Toyota motors should use Value Coalitions for better use of their under utilized recourses.Toyota develops synergies among their recourses. * Toyota should use design to maximize the perf ormance of their operations. Using the value chain approach, processes that provide direct value to the customer are modeled first. Imitative processes that support the value chain processes are modeled. * Reduction in advance amount * Delivery time to minimize * Less costly vehicle with name of Toyota * No delivery charge viewer * No price change for undelivered vehicle * Promotion should be started * Test drive facilities at all deale Five Forces Model Introduction Coca-Cola Company is the world's largest nonalcoholic beverage company. It offers a portfolio of world class quality sparkling and still beverages, starting with Coca-Cola ® and extending through over 400soft drinks, juices, teas, coffees, waters, sports and energy drinks that refresh, hydrate, nourish, relax and energize. Coca-Cola has more than 400 brands are nearly 2,400 beverage products. Four of the world's top-five soft-drink brands are: Coca-Cola, Diet Coke ®, Sprite, Fanta, Thums Up and Limca, which are formulated to appeal to local cultures and lifestyles.With operations in more than 200 countries, we have a diverse workforce of approximately 55,000 Company employees. Coca Cola family of beverages accounts for approximately 1. 3 billion servings worldwide of the 50 billion beverage servings consumed every day-a figure that indicates both strength and growth opportunity of the company. Company profile: Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink sold in stores, rest aurants, and vending machines in every country except Cuba and North Korea. 1] It is produced by The Coca-Cola Company of Atlanta, Georgia, and is often referred to simply as Coke (a registered trademark of The Coca-Cola Company in the United States since March 27, 1944). Originally intended as a patent medicine when it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton, Coca-Cola was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coke to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century.The Coca-Cola Company (NYSE:  KO) is an American multinational beverage corporation and manufacturer, retailer and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups, which is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. [3] The company is best known for its flagship product Coca-Cola, invented in 1886 by pharmacist John Stith Pemberton in Columbus, Georgia. [4] The Coca-Cola formula and brand was bought in 1889 by Asa Candler who incorporated T he Coca-Cola Company in 1892.Besides its namesake Coca-Cola beverage, Coca-Cola currently offers more than 500 brands in over 200 countries or territories and serves over 1. 7  billion servings each day. [5] The company operates a franchised distribution system dating from 1889 where The Coca-Cola Company only produces syrup concentrate which is then sold to various bottlers throughout the world who hold an exclusive territory. The Coca-Cola Company owns its anchor bottler in North America, Coca-Cola The company produces concentrate, which is then sold to licensed Coca-Cola bottlers throughout the world.The bottlers, who hold territorially exclusive contracts with the company, produce finished product in cans and bottles from the concentrate in combination with filtered water and sweeteners. The bottlers then sell, distribute and merchandise Coca-Cola to retail stores and vending machines. Such bottlers include Coca-Cola Enterprises, which is the largest single Coca-Cola bottler i n North America and western Europe. The Coca-Cola Company also sells concentrate for soda fountains to major restaurants and food service distributors.The Coca-Cola Company has, on occasion, introduced other cola drinks under the Coke brand name. The most common of these is Diet Coke, with others including Caffeine-Free Coca-Cola, Diet Coke Caffeine-Free, Coca-Cola Cherry, Coca-Cola Zero, Coca-Cola Vanilla, and special versions with lemon, lime or coffee. Based on Interbrand's best global brand 2011, Coca-Cola was the world's most valuable brandThe Company manufactures, markets and sells Leao / Matte Leao teas in Brazil through a joint venture with its bottling partners.During 2011, the Company introduced a variety of brands, brand extensions and beverage products: the Latin America group launched Frugos Sabores Caseros; in the Pacific group, Fanta, a fruit-flavored sparkling beverage, was relaunched in Singapore and Malaysia; Real Leaf, a green tea-based beverage, launched two vari eties in Vietnam; and in South Korea it introduced three flavor variants of the Georgia Emerald Mountain Blend ready-to-drink coffee beverage and Burn Intense, an energy drink; the Europe group launched Powerade ION4 in Denmark, Norway, Sweden and France, France launched Powerade Zero; in the Eurasia and Africa group, Turkey launched Cappy Pulpy, and India launched Fanta Powder, an orange-flavored powder formulation; Schweppes Novida, a sparkling malt drink, was launched in Kenya and Uganda; and in Uganda Coca-Cola Zero was launched; in Egypt, it launched Cappy Fruitbite; and Schweppes Gold, a sparkling flavored malt drink, and in Ghana, it launched Schweppes Malt, a dark malt drink. During 2011, the Company sold approximately 26. 7 billion unit cases of its products. The Company’s core sparkling beverages include Coca-Cola, Sprite, Fanta, Diet Coke / Coca-Cola Light, Coca-Cola Zero, Schweppes, Thums Up, Fresca, Inca Kola, Lift and Barq's. Its energy drinks include Burn, Nos and Real Gold. Its juices and juice drinks include Minute Maid, Minute Maid Pulpy, Del Valle, Simply, Hi-C, Dobriy and Cappy.The Company’s other still beverages include glaceau vitaminwater and Fuze. The Company’s coffees and teas include Nestea teas, Georgia coffees, Leao / Matte Leao teas, Sokenbicha teas, Dogadan teas and Ayataka teas. Its sports drinks include Powerade and Aquarius. The Company’s waters include Ciel, Dasani, Ice Dew, Bonaqua / Bonaqa and Kinley. The Company competes with PepsiCo, Inc. , Nestle, Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc. , Groupe Danone, Kraft Foods Inc. and Unilever. SOME BRANDS OF COCA COLA Coke's Porter's Five Force Model Coke recognized that designing products, manufacturing processes and marketing strategies are to be internationally standardized.These factors are dictated by the scales of economy of different countries and the imperative need for cheaper means of production. Thus, Coke studied the five industry forces to evolve its competitive advantage over Pepsi. As per Porter’s formula, Coke’s Porter's Five Force Model plan was to differentiate its frontline Cola product from its chief rival Pepsi by adopting certain operational methods. To heighten its competitive advantage, Coca Cola applied the Porter's formula Coca Cola has an enviable track record and there are countless millions of costumers the world over and with its five forces strategy it has succeeded remarkably in differentiating its products. The five forces plan is to assess the status of the industry in the open marketplace.It goes into the nature of competition, examines the external threats and identifies the opportunities to achieve competitive advantage. 1. Intensity of Existing Rivalry The first aspect was the low business rivalry. The market was essentially shared by Pepsi and Coca Cola, with a combined market share of 80 percent. The fact is Coca Cola owns two of the three soft beverages in the market, has few competitors and constantly striving for international presence. The second was to consider the bargaining power with suppliers that can be rated as low. The role of Coca Cola was to primarily supply either sucrose or fructose and undertake the bottling work. Sugar is commonly available and can be bought in the open market.If sugar became overly costly, the company could buy corn syrup instead. They even bought this substitute earlier during the early 1980s. As a matter of fact, Coca Cola buys high fructose corn syrup as its ingredient inside U. S. and sucrose only in countries other than US. * Large industry size Large industries allow multiple firms and produces to prosper without having to steal market share from each other. Large industry size is a positive for Coca-Cola. †¦ â€Å"Large industry size (Coca-Cola)† has a significant impact, so an analyst should put more weight into it. â€Å"Large industry size (Coca-Cola)† is an easily defendable qualitative factor, so com peting institutions will have a difficult time overcoming it. Large industry size (Coca-Cola)† will have a long-term negative impact on this entity, which subtracts from the entity's value. * Mature industry 2. High number of substitutes High number of substitutes (Coca-Cola) which has a significant impact, â€Å"High number of substitutes (Coca-Cola)† will have a long-term positive impact on the this entity, which adds to its value. â€Å"High number of substitutes (Coca-Cola)† is a difficult qualitative factor to defend, so competing institutions will have an easy time overcoming it. 3. Bargaining Power of Suppliers * Water is the main ingredient â€Å"Water is the main ingredient (Coca-Cola)† has a significant impact, so an analyst should put more weight into it. Water is the main ingredient (Coca-Cola)† will have a long-term negative impact on this entity, which subtracts from the entity's value. * Critical production inputs are similar When crit ical production inputs are similar, it is easier to mix and match inputs, which reduces supplier bargaining power; a positive for Coca-Cola. * Low cost of switching suppliers The easier it is to switch suppliers, the less bargaining power they have. Low supplier switching costs positively affect Coca-Cola. 4. Bargaining Power of Buyers * Product is important to customer When customers cherish particular products they end up paying more for that one product. This positively affects Coca-Cola. Product is important to customer (Coca-Cola) which has a significant impact, so an analyst should put more weight into it. * Large number of customers: When there are large numbers of customers, no one customer tends to have bargaining leverage. Limited bargaining leverage helps Coca-Cola. â€Å"Large number of customers (Coca-Cola)† has a significant impact, so an analyst should put more weight into it. 5. Threat of new customers * Strong brand names are important If strong brands are cr itical to compete, then new competitors will have to improve their brand value in order to effectively compete. Strong brands positively affect Coca-Cola. * Customers are loyal to existing brands It takes time and money to build a brand.When companies need to spend resources building a brand, they have fewer resources to compete in the marketplace. These costs positively affect Coca-Cola. Strategic Group Map A Strategic Group Map is used to compare companies within an industry that have similar business model. These companies are compared on the basis of two variables. In the comparison of the companies in the non-alcoholic industry the two variables chosen are the percentage volume change since the last year and the current market share. The diagram identifies the two direct competitors in the industry which are PepsiCo and Coca-Cola Company. The diagram also shows that they compete on the basis of the market share of the industry and volume of sales.The two groups that can be easi ly interpreted from the map are of Pepsi and Coke and the other group being Dr Pepper the other one. Pepsi and Coke should be on high alert as the volume a change of the other group is gaining. It is not likely for any of Conclusion: Finally, to consider the possible threats of substitutes that may again be rated as low. There are quite a few reasons why the threat of substitute is low – particularly against Coca Cola. The foremost of them is brand loyalty. Coca Cola has an enviable track record and there are countless millions of costumers the world over, who would never abandon the brand and other Coca Cola products. There is no denying that Coca Cola has succeeded remarkably in differentiating its products.

Kenyan Mining Project essays

Kenyan Mining Project essays Mining Development VS. Social Disruptions: Assessing Both The Social Benefits With what was initially thought to be a feasible resource extraction proposal, has in turn lead to an onslaught of both economic and social uncertainties among more then five thousand Kenyans. Tiomin Resources, a Canadian based mining company, has shown a ferocious interest to construct 3 titanium based extraction mills along the Indian Ocean within the residence of the economically struggling providence of Africa. The proposed site(s), which rest in the fertile sand dunes along the Kenyan Coast, are thought to hold embody one of the largest supply(s) of both titanium and zirconium bearing minerals in the world. Despite what stands to be both an economical and social jackpot for one of the largest mining Corporations in the world, has in turn generated a spin off and or threat of both economic and environmental externalities from formulating in the near future. Among the focal points of major concern(s) rest the vantage points of two distraught parties. With more than ten thousand s mall-scale farmers in threat of being forced of their native soil, Kenyans argue the feasibility dynamics of such proposals arent socially balanced. Tiomin Resources rebuttals by addressing the profitable socioeconomic impact their proposal presents if operations where established in the financially dying province of Africa. As this heated debate continues, it soon becomes a question of assessing the feasible equity each party is willing to negotiate for. Not only is it imperative to question the long-run economical balance of such proposals but so to be it fitting to address the adverse effects such operations would have on the surrounding environment run economical balances. The dominant factor supporting Tiomin recent proposals to excavate within the titanium-rich sands of Kwale beach resides...

Informing ourselves to death by Neil Postman Personal Statement

Informing ourselves to death by Neil Postman - Personal Statement Example As long as we were Neanderthals, planet earth was a cleaner, greener and a safer place to live in. The environment was void of hazards, disease, danger and pollution and the world was free from poverty, hunger, homelessness and crime. All these are our gifts to ourselves, which come in a package deal with the technological zenith that we have achieved. We perceive the present scenario as the best of all possible worlds because this the farthest we have come in terms of advancement. There is no dearth of anything in this rose colored world of ours. (The "children of the lesser God " might not think so but have we ever given them a care!). We are so busy wallowing in this shallow, materialistic and cushioned lifestyle of ours that it has never occurred to us that we have lost a very precious part of us along the ages- we have lost our humanity! We might have attained knowledge but we are still far far away from wisdom. That is the reason why our world has become a "either -mine-or- yours" place. What if we never knew that the earth was such a vast planet with so much land and so much water, would we have then cared to split it up into blocks we call "countries"' Had there been no "mine and yours" territories" would the word "WAR" even exist in or dictionaries' What is it about our knowledge that instills in us the greed to simply possess apiece of land even if that means killing all our fellow beings living on it' From here started our dividing spree and we have never stopped ever since. In our attempt to systematically organize the human existence we bred complexities that we have never been able to come out of. First we made countries, divided them into states, broke the states down to cities, towns and districts, built huge walls around ourselves thus physically isolating ourselves from the rest of the world. . In the process and without our awareness, the mental and spiritual component of our being got entangled deeper and deeper into the web of "worldly wisdom". When we were done with physical divisions and the pieces of earth could not get any smaller, we never let ourselves give up. Our knowledge never let us deter and inspired us to go on. Then, we came up with this concept of religions (I call them "mass gangs") and for obvious reasons we had gang wars although they were at a much smaller scale than the nuclear or biological wars of today. First we fought over" mine- and- yours" and then we fought over " mine-is-better -than-yours" and the vicious cycle went on. Our intelligence (or rather the lack of it) has blown the light of knowledge into an satanic fire which is eating into the heart of humankind and emptying the core of our existence. Spiritually we have turned into weak, in secure, greedy, selfish and conceited individuals. Our conditioned psyche does not allow us to think beyond possessing and climbing up the ladder of success irrespective of whose face we step on in the process. I don't cal this living life; I consider it just a spiritually worthless existence. Imagine, our present day generation needs special classes and seminars on "soul searching". Isn't that ridiculous' Does it mean that we are so disconnected with out souls that we need to search them all over again'We are not to be entirely blamed for our plight.

Synthesis of -carbolines as novel CDK4 inhibitors Lab Report

Synthesis of -carbolines as novel CDK4 inhibitors - Lab Report Example Considering the importance of Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), a set of protein kinases, it is essential to explore its mechanism that makes it relevant for the lab process. The kinases aid in regulating the cell cycles, transcription Mrna processing and differentiation of nerve cells. In the function of these kinases, cyclin is crucial considering that it acts as the regulatory protein which binds the CDKs. Consequently, this means that in the absence of cyclin, less kinase activity takes place because of the absence of cyclin-CDK complexes1. CDK4, acting as a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family, functions as an intrinsic catalyutic protein kinase complex for cell cycle G1 phase progression. D type cyclins and CDK inhibitor are important for the functioning of the kinase since they suppress the action of tumour in causing cell proliferation. The kinase works in phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma gene product thereby helping in preventing the occurring mutation of the genes responsible for the tumuourigenesis of various types of cancer 2. Further, small compouds such as pentacyclic quaternary salt, act as promising factors in the direction for treatment of cancer. The action of the kinase in causing DNA-interchelation can be reduced by ÃŽ ²-carboline which usually acts as a non-planner maintaining the activity of CDK4. Fascaplysin acts as a pentacyclic quaternary salt used as an anti-cancer agent considering its action in suppressing certain leukemia cells in mice. Further, the salt also end up hindering CDK4 leading to arrest of cell cycle in both normal and tumours ncells in the G phase. The hindering process occurs because it binds to theATP pocket of the kinase, resulting to G arrest via a bidentate hydrogen bond donor/acceptor pair. The chain involving phosphorylation of pRb enables the cell to pass through the G1 checkpoint leading to completion of division cycle because of the associated release of E2F proteins.

More Opportunity Equals More Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

More Opportunity Equals More Crime - Essay Example In 1953, 10.84 percent of women were arrested for a variety of crimes (Science News, 1975). By 1972, this number jumped to 15.27 percent (Science News, 1975). The numbers of monetary crimes perpetrated by women (embezzlement, counterfeiting, fraud, and forgery) also increased significantly during this same period (Science News, 1975; Sohoni, 1994). However, the rates of women participating in violent crimes stayed about the same (Science News, 1975; Sohoni, 1994). In the past twenty-five years, the rate of increase for female incarcerations has surpassed, and even doubled, the rate for male incarcerations (Sileo, 1993). Why is this sudden increase being seen Are more women suddenly turning to a life of crime Are women more evil than they were in years past The definitive answer to this question is "no." Women have always committed crimes. It just seems that now the criminal justice system is getting better at catching and convicting the women who do commit crimes (Sileo, 1993). Also, women have more opportunities to interact outside the home than they did 50 years ago (Sileo, 1993). Since women are out in the workforce more than they used to be, it makes sense that there would be more instances of business-related crimes perpetrated by women.

Individual Project 1 EDU 620 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Individual Project 1 EDU 620 - Essay Example Thus, it demands a more dynamic personality having skills in analysis, planning, management, and implementation. Most importantly, it requires a learning attitude that leads toward continuous personal and professional development. Discipline of Instructional Design Wills(2009) states that instructional design is a discipline based on scientific principals and a specific set of assumptions verified by empirical data. Upon the base of this data, the professionals design their instructions to meet the specific learning needs of the particular audience. Hence, instruction is a science and instructional design is a technology based upon the science. (Merrill, Drake, Lacy, Pratt, & the ID2 Research Group, 1996).Further, it is a process that includes planning, management, implementation and assessment. Thus instructional design is a process to improve how instructions gets designed and delivered better. However, some scholars consider it not just a science but an art as well. Instructional Design as a Science The scholars who claim instructional design as aligned with science say that instruction is based upon some scientific principals—a huge body of research. Supporting this view point Rowland (1993) establishes that the principles that can explain cause and effect relationship are to be said scientific.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Tourism Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Tourism Essay Introduction According to the World Tourism Organization tourists are the people who travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment for not more than one successive year for leisure, business and other purposes not interrelated to the exercise of an activity rewarded from within the place visited. Tourism is mainly popular as a global freedom activity. Tourism is a critical source of income for many countries and it generates income through the consumption of goods and services by tourists, the taxes levied on businesses in the tourism industry, and the opportunity for employment in the service industries associated with tourism. Some of the services offered by these industries include transportation services such as cruise ships and taxis, accommodation services such as hotels, restaurants, bars, and entertainment venues, and other hospitality industry services such as spas and resorts. The tourism requires having some of disposable income, time off from work and other responsibilities, proper transportation and accommodation facilities and legal clearance for travelling. More than all, sufficient health condition during the course of travel is required. There are some countries which have legal limitations on travelling abroad. Any projections of growth in tourism serve as an suggestion of the relative influence that each country will exercise in the future. Content Essay Question: Report for critically analysing a location or sector of the tourist industry, and the key issues affecting that sector or location and suggest a change strategy to address the issues 1. What is meant by Tourism Industry? Tourism has been identified as one of the worlds largest industries and is more and more developing world wide. Further it is moving for primarily recreational or leisure purposes or the provision of services to support this leisure travel. Business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity compensated from within the place visited. Tourism has become a popular global leisure activity. In 2004, there were over 763 million international tourist arrivals in UK. Tourism is very important for many countries, due to the income generated by the utilization of goods and services by tourists, the taxes levied on businesses in the tourism industry, and the opportunity for employment in the service industries associated with tourism. These service industries are included transportation services such as cruise ships and taxis, accommodation such as hotels, restaurants, bars, and entertainment venues, and other hospitality industry services such as spas and resorts. (Harrison, 2001) 1.1 Definition for Tourism The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure One of the earliest definitions of tourism was provided by the Austrian economist in 1910, who defined it as, bob total of operators, mainly of an economic nature, which directly relate to the entry, stay and movement of foreigners inside and outside a certain country, city or a region. (Swarbrooke, 2001) Hunziker and Krapf, in 1941 state that tourism as the sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the travel and stay of non-residents, insofar as they do not lead to permanent residence and are not connected with any earning activity. 1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Tourism Tourism is the act of travel for the purpose of not only recreation, but also the provision of services for this act. It might occupy local services such as entertainment, accommodation and catering for tourists. It may seem, that tourism brings only benefits, but further consideration shows that it also has disadvantages. Generally, many countries depend greatly upon travel expenditures by foreigners as a source of taxation and as a source of income for the enterprises. Therefore, the development of tourism is often a strategy to promote a particular region for the purpose of increasing commerce through exporting goods and services. Secondly, it provides direct employment for the people associated with occupations in bars and hotels. Thanks to it, the average standard of living of people increases well and at the same time unemployment is on the decrease. However, tourists cause environmental damage through forest fires, destruction of sand dunes and pollution. Consequently this serves negatively as increased pollution disturbs local residents and also it may discourage tourists from further entering the country. After this, tourism undermines culture by commercializing it and this is often connected with increasing litter, graffiti, vandalism and noise tourists do not always respect traditional cultures, which is sad but true. In general, tourism is an extremely profitable process in loads of countries, especially those in which the process of development continue to depend on this industry because this industry does not require a lot of literacy and also it yields maximum profits with less investment. (Harrison, 2001) 1.3 Different sectors of Tourism The tourism industry has been composed of eight different sectors or areas. Those are mentioned below, Accommodation Adventure Tourism and Recreation Attractions Events and Conferences Food and Beverage Tourism Services Transportation Travel Trade Out of these sector I have selected Attraction sector of tourism for the identify the key issues affecting that sector and suggest a change strategy to address the issues 1.4 Attraction of tourism sector Considering the one of the country, attractions include historic sites, heritage homes, museums, halls of fame, art galleries, botanical gardens, aquariums, zoos, water parks, amusement parks, casinos and cultural attractions. Many attractions are educational in nature, others are only for entertainment. As an example,Canada has a wealth of cultural and heritage attractions: the Parliament Buildings and National Gallery in Ottawa, the Fortress of Louisbourg in Cape Breton, and Lower Fort Garry National Historic Site in Manitoba. There are heritage communities like Vancouvers Gastown, natural resource attractions like the hot springs in Banff and Jasper National Parks, and the northern lights in the Northwest Territories. In addition, there are large delight parks like Canadas Wonderland in Ontario, museums such as the Maritime .To maintain this important part of Canadas tourism industry, the Canadian Tourism Commission has developed . The sub-committees mandate is to plan, direct, ma nge and put into action by programs to improve and develop cultural heritage tourism in Canada. The sub-committee is made up of culture, heritage and tourism industry representatives from across Canada acting to ensure that cultural heritage tourism will become a vivacious and advantageous part of the Canadian Tourism industry. But every province and territory in Canada has major and minor attractions that attract visitors and generate tourism income Because of the Canadian climate, many outside attractions and seasonal. Indoor attractions operate year round, and some, like West Edmonton Mall, combine activities, such as shopping with an pleasure park, an ice rink and a water park. All attractions may be large or small and need people to sell food and souvenirs, market the attraction, maintain the facility and manage the operation. The attractions sector important for a wide range of employment opportunities, ranging from seasonal part time to permanent full time positions. Further there is also variety in the types of jobs available. As an example, Casinos are rapidly growing area of the attractions sector, adding many new positions, such as pit bosses and dealers, to the labour pool. According to the statistics of tourist sector, It is estimated that in 1997, 120,000 people were employed in the attractions sector and service is expected to reach 152,000 by 2005. In the UK attractions are at the heart of the tourism industry. Visit attractions are typically the main motivator for both domestic visitors and international tourists. They are organized trips for visit the various places for their entertainment and keep mind rest. Normally, there are four main types of attractions are identified and it is illustrated below. Source: Article of Key Issues in Visitor Attraction Management in a Competitive Market, 2001 2.0 Key issues for attraction sector There are also some issues can be identified as arise of issues from attraction sector. which are specific to particular sectors of the attractions business, some of which are identified below: 2.1 Heritage attractions making use of the latest technologies for explanation but ensuring that the medium does not become more important than the message incorporating recent history and the varying nature of society in the UK, such as the growth of ethnic communities, linking the community whose story is being told by the heritage attraction and Deciding what stories should be told and how they should be told. When a communitys heritage is the tool of what it offers visitors, protecting that heritage is essential. Therefore the major challenge in cultural heritage tourism programs is ensuring that increased tourism does not destroy the very qualities that attract visitors in the first place. (Swarbrooke, 2001) Further some problems related to. Heritage attractions.These problems are travellers increasing in numbers and adding stress and strain to infrastructure and heritage sites are, as Safer says, only beginning, and the travel industry is already addressing them. But a challenge results not only from visitor impact, but also from visitor opportunity of quality products and services. Tourism is essentially in the service industry, which means it depends on the capability of people in many different jobs and locations. In addition to tourism is an attractive form of economic development 2.2. How to improve Heritage attractions Cultural endowments such as traditional design, unique street-scapes, and historic sites are increasingly recognized as important economic resources in both developed and developing countries. Cities are regularly an important focal point for development based on these resources because they provide concentrations of heritage assets, infrastructure services, private sector activity, and human resources. Improving the preservation and management of urban heritage is not only important for preserving its historic significance but also for its impending to increase income-earning opportunities, city livability, and competitiveness. (Harrison, 2001) The World Bank-financed projects have identified that heritage conservation has increased city liveability by preserving streets and neighbourhoods built at a human scale, public areas that support positive community relations, and green spaces that offer recreational activities. By preserving their heritage, cities can be produce a unique sense of place and singular urban landscapes, developing strong branding and conditions to attract investors. This is principally true for investors in tourism and which is one of the major industries in the world today and has a pathway record of creating significant levels of employment for unskilled and semi-skilled workers. In addition to improving a citys self-image and identity through identification of heritage resources has been shown to increase public satisfaction and energize communities to actively address a wide range of development and livelihood issues. (Kotler 1998) Further the conservation of cultural heritage supports urban recovery by preserving city liveability, increasing competitiveness, and creating a wide range of income-earning opportunities.The Cultural Heritage and Sustainable Tourism Thematic Group (CHST) was established in 2004 as a network of practitioners to mainstream support for heritage conservation into infrastructure, private sector, and social development projects. The thematic group reflects the multi-disciplinary characteristics of the CHST family, prominence by the wealth of information and experience available among more than one hundred Bank professionals. In the urban sector, it is clear that infrastructure projects can supply an entry point for useful interventions in heritage conservation and development. on the other hand, many task team leaders find that discussions of lending that recognize the value of local heritage provide a positive starting point for dialogue on downstream lending operations addressing broade r-based infrastructure investment needs. This note focuses on the rationale for World Bank-financed infrastructure projects that include or focus on conservation of cultural heritage belongings either for their own value or as a element of infrastructure and economic development strategies. 2.3 Theme and amusement parks There is growing pressure for better protection at theme and amusement parks in the light of highly-publicised accidents in recent years, here is a need to incorporate the latest rides, even though this is very expensive and is making it difficult for smaller theme and amusement parks to compete, parks have to ensure that children can learn something from their visit to the park, and this will help in attracting families and school groups. 2.4. How improve facility of amusement parks The safety of visitors who enjoy the parks facilities and services is of dominant concern. Further safety is a collective responsibility. Visitors must take safety measures that reflect the risk involved in their chosen activity. This involves knowledge of natural hazards, proper equipment and provisions, adequate skill and fitness, and the ability to cope with emergencies. Park management will focus on safety information, facility design, and staff training. ark staff continue to work with the local and regional tourism industry, keeping up-to-date on trends and offering reliable experiences based on the parks key ecological and cultural values. (Kotler 1998) 2.5 Wildlife attraction wildlife attraction managers are having to come to terms with growing public concern over animals being kept in captivity for the entertainment, or even the education, of visitors, the opportunity to use Virtual Reality technologies to educate visitors about wildlife. 2.6 How improve Wildlife attractions for tourism Planning for Action Biodiversity Action Plan apply for conservation priorities, and it support how to manage and monitor activities of biodiversity including wildlife. Reviewing your purchasing strategy Every business consumes products and services supplied by other businesses. By managing what you buy, how you use products and how you dispose of waste you can improve your own, and other companies biodiversity performance. Managing your environmental impacts Reviewing and managing your overall environmental performance also benefits biodiversity and can help reduce costs. For example, the energy used to heat and light accommodation will come from the power creation industry. Conserving energy reduces CO2 emissions, Increased rates of climate change adversely impacts on species, habitats and ecosystems. Recycling and waste reduction reduces the amount of landfill and potentially increases the amount of space, which can be left for natural habitat conservation. Raising Awareness among people Providing for services or goods by tourism providers that contribute positively to biodiversity conservation can bring visitors closer to wildlife. You can widen the potential for low impact tourism, and help people to make relate between their own environment, lives and communities. Most of the peoples interests in wildlife watching and conservation arise as a direct result of the experience they receive from recreational activities. (Kotler 1998) Working with others Many smaller tourism businesses connecting up with forums like Tourism and Environment Forum or local sustainable business forums can be a good mode to awareness creation. Such networks are also important sources of current information about new opportunities, grants, trends and regulations. 3.0 How attraction sector of Tourist industry improve in UK The attractions sector is very important to the achievement of success I in UK tourist industry. In there managers face wide range of challenges, opportunities and threats, that will determine the future success of the sector. Whether they end up being opportunities or threats may well depend on how managers react to them. For example, for attractions which successfully hold new technologies such as Virtual Reality and the Internet these technologies is an opportunity to achieve aggressive advantage. The UK attractions sector is obviously diverse which accounts for its noticeable fragmentation. There is a need for the sector to become more organized and speak with one voice, so it can have greater influence on the government policy-making process and resulting legislation affecting the industry. At the same time, the developments in the attractions sector abroad are providing competitive challenges for the UK attractions sector. currently new attractions have been opened in countries as diverse as France and the USA, Spain and Japan, Australia and China. UK attraction managers can learn a lot from successful foreign practices: from design and marketing, to catering and providing for disabled visitors. Within the UK, the government wishes to take action to create a more level playing field for attraction operators. Subsidies to major national museums and huge National Lottery grants for new projects are probably unfair competition for most small attractions. It appears that it is the small attractions that will find the future particularly difficult, as they lack the resources to participate directly with the larger players. The same situation exists in other sectors of tourism, such as hotels and tour operators, and definitely in industry in general. The way ahead for small attractions, as with hotels and tour operators, is the need for interest, differentiation, the use of the Internet for marketing, and an emphasis on personal service. (Swarbrooke, 2001)